Choosing Immigration Essay Samples Is Simple

Choosing Immigration Essay Samples Is Simple The first thing I want to discuss is unemployment with quite a few of our immigrants. But since it's not possible to stop immigrants from coming to the country in 1 move, steps ought to be undertaken to lessen illegal immigrants in phases. In the end, even highly qualified specialists, who seek better employment, frequently don't get what they're looking for. As for each nation, the most suitable choice is to give jobs solely for their countrymen. What Does Immigration Essay Samples Mean? After all, that's the reason they left. At the exact same time nothing might be as easy as that and there might be a good deal of controversies found in his declared strategies also. The immigrant issue is a popular issue on earth today. If you stay away from counterarguments like the plague, it is going to raise doubts about your capacity to refute them. Immigration doesn't have to be the bad man's escape in the event the government provides enough jobs for everybody. He is a controversial subject which is seldom out of the news. He has been a problem for a very long time now In the United States. He could become an even more serious problem in the U.S. if the government does not produce stricter laws. On the 1 hand it can help to curtail the expenses incurred by the USA budget to fund the presence of all of the illegal immigrants. Therefore, low-skilled workers from some other nations, that are demandable in america, search for illegal means of crossing the border. First of all, it seeks to boost the awareness of the usa and international general public, particularly in the light of america internal immigration crisis rapid growth. Regardless of all of the previous strategies to control illegal immigration in the usa. Life After Immigration Essay Samples An individual might argue that the immigrants are people after all and that they ought to not be discriminated against even should they come illegally into the nation. Consequently, today, immigrants face various challenges than immigrants in the previous years. Today they are very diverse, since they come from various parts of the world characterized with distinct physical features. There has to be a body of authorities w ho'd monitor the illegal immigrants in a nation. The Debate Over Immigration Essay Samples Obviously, the immigration package still needs to make it through the Senate. For instance, you might opt to claim that illegal immigration is helpful to the economy. Immigration has turned into a large international issue, especially within the field of economics, trade, and company. Illegal immigration can be repealed in the event the government takes the right measures. So far as the bias feature of the short article is concerned, it appears reasonable to emphasize the simple fact that the article in question is all but politically unbiased. There are several things that you should include in immigration essays all of which we are totally versed in. When it regards an illegal immigration essay we are also able to mention the particular legal situation for a particular nation, and able to create illegal immigration essays reflect either side of the story from the point of the illega l immigrant and from the point of the nation they want to move to. If you must compose an argumentative essay on immigration, but don't have enough time or energy to do it all on your own, you have discovered the ideal location. A thesis statement is 1 sentence in which you share the aim of your essay. In each paragraph of the human body of the essay, you can begin by writing a topic sentence. New Ideas Into Immigration Essay Samples Never Before Revealed When combined with how the gap in wealth between wealthy and poor countries is ever increasing, it's apparent that immigration is something which is only likely to grow. It is a problem that's affecting all peoples of the planet. From this perspective, illegal immigration for a phenomenon has an inclination of spreading. The good' fight against despots and to curb the rise of extremist terrorists has made a lot of hot spots on earth. Vital Pieces of Immigration Essay Samples It's indeed practical to work abroad, especially if it's the case that you do not observe any improvement in your nation's financial landscape. Given that illegal immigrants aren't entitled to several advantages, some businesses capitalize on this fact to save on labor expense s. Immigrant population for a whole is a big net burden on the economy. In conclusion, it is obvious that factors like political stability and superior education are among the recent reasons for migration to Canada. There isn't any chance of you getting a plagiarized paper written by another person. When you get your completed essay, be certain you tell all your friends what a terrific service it is and what's the ideal place to purchase cheap essays. Unfortunately, you place your money and reputation at risk when selecting an untrustworthy writing company. They should examine the larger picture, not think of how cheap it'll be hiring illegal immigrants instead of the rest.

The Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano and Amistad

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; CoMpArE and CoNtRaSt nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both, â€Å"The Interesting Narrative Life of Olaudah Equiano† and â€Å"Amistad† are important stories about slavery in pre-civil war america because they both address the issues of slavery. These gentlemen in the story made a difference in the slave trade. In â€Å"The life of Olaudah Equiano†, Olaudah was sold on a slave ship that came to the Barbados. Olaudah worked for his freedom, and in the end became efficient in American language. He worked his way to the free life and in the end it worked out for him, although it leaves scars on his soul. In â€Å"Amistad†, Cinque is a slave that leads a revolt on a slave ship after escaping. When they get to america, Baldwin, a†¦show more content†¦Cinque also learned only a few words, as opposed to the whole american language, which Olaudah did. â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† focuses more on the harsh conditions on the slave ships while t he â€Å"Amistad† story spends more time on the trial that set the slave free. Olaudah Equiano fought against slavery in England while Cinque and the Africans of the Amistad became a symbol of freedom for the abolitionist movement in Pre-Civil War America. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In conclusion, both â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† and â€Å"Amistad† are important stories that thoughtfully comment on the slavery issue. â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano† points out the harsh conditions on the slave ships. The story of â€Å"Amistad†, African slaves and the trials they had to go through highlights the injustice of slavery. As Adams said â€Å"The natural state of mankind is instead-and I know this is aShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative And Other Writings1137 Words   |  5 PagesOlaudah Equiano’s The interesting Narrative and Other Writings is a very important piece of historical literature because not many books or narratives are around today that can teach the real happenings of the European slave trade in the eighteenth century. Equiano makes several arguments against slavery. Arguments from Equiano and points from the lecture state that slave ry is that is inhumane. Slavery takes away the African’s and the white man’s humanity. Chapter two of The Interesting NarrativeRead MoreAdvocating Abolition Timeline Transatlantic Slave Trade1876 Words   |  8 PagesMaroon War in Jamaica. British agree a treaty with the Maroon leader Cudjoe in 1739 giving the Maroons 1,500 acres of land in return for helping to capture other escaped slaves ‘Tackey’s rebellion’ in Antigua Olaudah Equiano (author of The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African) is born Slave rebellion in Jamaica Slave rebellion in Martinique Seven Years War. Britain gains Dominica, Grenada, St Vincent and Tobago William Wilberforce, the abolitionist,

Resource and Source

Question: Discuss about theResource and Source. Answer: Determination of Residential Status Residential status of an Individual for taxation purpose in Australia is determined under subsection 6(1) TR 98/17 of Income Tax Assessment Act (ITAA) 1997 under the ordinary meaning. In order to establish whether a person is an Australian resident or not, the person is required to satisfy the primary resides test. In case the individual fails to satisfy the resides test then statutory test shall be considered for determining the residential status of individual for the purpose of tax (Zelinsky 2016). Resides test: As per the provisions under TR 98/17 ITAA 97 subsection 6(1) a person is said to be Australian resident if the individual resides in Australia (Mitchell et al. 2015). In case the resident fails to satisfy this test, he is required to satisfy one of the three conditions of statutory test, which are as follows: Domicile test: An individual is an Australian resident if his domicile or place of permanent home is in Australia except the assessing officer is content that the persons permanent home is outside Australia (Hua, Oliphant and Hu 2016). 183- Day test: If an individual resides in Australia for 183 days or more whether or not continuously, the person shall be said to have constructive residential status in Australia. Superannuation test: Under this test, government employees of Australia working overseas are required to be treated as resident of Australia. In the given case, Fred, a management consultant of British corporation comes to Australia to set up his companys branch and stayed for 11 months though the length of his stay was uncertain. His wife accompanied him during his visit to Australia but his son stayed in London for commencing the college while his daily behavior remained similar to that of his home country. Further, Fred earned rental income from UK property as well as interest on investments made in France. Since, Fred does not resides in Australia, he failed to satisfy the primary condition under resides test TR98/17 ITAA 97. However, statutory test shall be considered to examine his residential status in Australia for taxation purpose. As Freds permanent home is in UK, domicile test shall not be considered as well as superannuation test shall also not apply because Fred is not an Australian government employee (Vieira, Stewart and Beal 2015). Therefore, 183- day test shall be checked to determine his residential status, which requires an individual to stay in Australia exceeding half of income year. Based on a decided case of Levene v IRC (1928) AC 217, Fred would be treated as a resident of Australia for taxation purpose because his stay in Australia was more than six months. Although the stay of Fred in Australia was uncertain, yet his total stay was more than 183 days and he had leased a residence to stay in Melbourne for 12 months. Further, absence of his son during his stay in Australia and his daily behavior like his home country would not be considered while examining his residential status. Therefore, Fred is an Australian resident for taxation purpose under subsection 6(1) TR 98/17 ITAA 97. Reference List Hua, Y., Oliphant, M. and Hu, E.J., 2016. Development of renewable energy in Australia and China: A comparison of policies and status.Renewable Energy,85, pp.1044-1051. Mitchell, C., McLanahan, S., Notterman, D., Hobcraft, J., Brooks-Gunn, J. and Garfinkel, I., 2015. Family Structure Instability, Genetic Sensitivity, and Child Well-Being1.American journal of sociology,120(4), pp.1195-1225. Vieira, A.S., Stewart, R.A. and Beal, C.D., 2015. Air source heat pump water heaters in residential buildings in Australia: Identification of key performance parameters.Energy and buildings,91, pp.148-162. Zelinsky, E.A., 2016. Defining Residence for Income Tax Purposes: Domicile as Gap-Filler, Citizenship as Proxy and Gap-Filler.Michigan Journal of International Law,37.

Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle

Introduction Electronic home appliances have become a vital aspect of human life in contemporary world. They range from mobile phones, television sets, computers, radios, and cookers. It is noted that such gadgets are intended to make life more enjoyable. However, the intention notwithstanding, there is an emerging trend where the same machines pose a danger to the environment (Vallero Brasier 2008, p. 217).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, stakeholders and policy makers have developed a number of frameworks to monitor and minimise the negative effects that electronic appliances have on the environment. One such concept is the Life Cycle Analysis (herein referred to as LCA). According to Crawford (2008, p. 496), LCA is regarded as a technique that is essential in understanding the environmental impacts of a given product. The current essay is written against this background. In the paper, the author examines the environmental impacts of a toaster. The report seeks to develop a concept to redesign a sandwich toaster. The aim is to ensure that the appliance is environmentally friendly. The paper begins by addressing the weaknesses of the gadget. The analysis is based on the knowledge acquired by the author with regards to LCA (Zamagni 2012, p. 375). Thereafter, a critical review of the implications of these weaknesses is provided. At the end of the paper, a new design for the toaster is proposed. The envisaged design has two major benefits. First, it is expected to improve the performance of this appliance. Secondly, the new model will alter the components of the toaster, reducing its negative effects on the environment. Weaknesses of the Sandwich Toaster Trusty (2010, para. 3) is of the opinion that the energy consumption associated with various home appliances should be re viewed from an environmental perspective. A domestic electronic gadget, such as a toaster, is essential in the production of sandwiches. It is very convenient as it eases the whole process of food preparation. However, the materials used in manufacturing and designing the machine have varying effects on the environment. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012, para. 3) has tried to address this issue. The organisation advocates for the utilisation of eco-friendly appliances at home and in the office. The need to reduce negative ecological impacts necessitates the redesign of appliances. Such remodelling improves the performance and ‘eco-friendliness’ of the said machine. Today, there are diverse culinary techniques that require similarly diverse appliances to execute. Pastry lovers will agree that toasted bread is a delicacy that saves a lot of time and eliminates the need to rush to the coffee shop. When prepared at home, such snacks tend to bring the f amily together and reduce expenditure on unnecessary inputs. As a result of this, a toaster is one of the appliances whose role is realised when there is a need to prepare bread and other types of food.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Lowell (2009, para. 3) affirms that most modern kitchens contain this vital appliance. In terms of power consumption, Lowell (2009, para. 4) points out that a typical toaster requires an average of 900 watts. At this level of consumption, such machines are usually used to toast two slices of bread at once. The only way to understand and redesign a given machine is by analysing its various components (Horne, Grant Verghese 2009, p. 43). The structure of a simple appliance, such as a mobile phone, is characterised by dozens of parts. Each of these parts is designed to play a specific role. The various roles are synchronised to achieve the overa ll functionality of the machine. Murielle (2011) provides an illustration of the materials used in the packaging of an average toaster. A review of the structure of this machine reveals that most of the components used are manufactured through industrial processes that are harmful to the environment. As a result of this, the finished product is associated with a number of shortcomings as far as its use is concerned. The varying weaknesses have serious ramifications to the surroundings. It is important to understand the uses of a given appliance. Such an understanding enables one to determine the inefficiencies, if any, that are linked to the machine (Hendrickson, Lester Scott 2006, p. 39). Murielle (2011, para. 4) indicates that most heating appliances used around the home are made of steel. As a result, they consume a lot of electricity. In light of this, it appears that the first weakness associated with a toaster, as a domestic appliance, has to do with its energy consumption. A ccording to Guo (2012, p. 47), most heating appliances consume approximately 5% of the total power in a home setting. Since a toaster falls under this category of gadgets, it follows that its kilowatt-hour consumption is quite high. Vogtlander (2011, p. 76) points out that many appliances that are used domestically are made from synthetic materials. Owing to the complexity of their applications, machines like toasters require artificial materials that are inexpensive to produce (Vogtlander 2009, p. 104). An example of a commonly used component in manufacturing these machines is phenol formaldehyde. An average toaster is made up of several parts that are designed using this material. Bakerlite is another common substance used in producing heating components. Smil (2013, p. 88) argues that most ecological problems arise from synthetic materials that fail to decompose when their life span expires. The hypothesis is based on the fact that all appliances have a certain duration within wh ich they are expected to last (Vogtlander, Maestre, Rosan, Arno Reene, 2013, p. 66). A skeletal observation of a toaster indicates that it is manufactured using most of these synthetic items. For example, its plug contains bakerlite, whereas its handle cover is coated with phenol formaldehyde.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The explanation illustrated above indicates that appliances made from synthetic materials have a negative effect on the environment. Guo (2012, p. 93) is of the opinion that this is one of the weaknesses of these products. As already indicated, most of the components found in a toaster are made using the aforementioned man-made materials. The observation highlights the second shortcoming as far as a toaster is concerned. The life cycle analysis suggests that appliances should be made fr om bio-degradable materials. The objective of such a preference is to ensure that a given machine can be safely and effectively recycled upon the expiry of its life cycle. Another element associated with the life cycle of an appliance, such as a toaster, involves its packaging. Vogtlander et al. (2013, p. 103) argue that any product should be packaged in a manner that conforms to the stipulated safety standards. The standards are formulated to ensure that the pack can be recycled. An example of such a scenario involves packing the product in a biodegradable material like cardboard. Such items decompose easily and are eco-friendly. Pablo (2009, p. 172) points out that most electrical appliances are packed together with several accompaniments. To this end, it is common to find such elements as manuals and other wrappings in the container used to pack a machine like a toaster. The appliances may be wrapped in multiple layers of plastic material. Such a presentation adds to the gadgetâ €™s shortcomings with regards to disposal. Plastic, as aforementioned, is a synthetic material. As a result, a toaster with such kind of packaging is an ecological hazard in itself. The wrappers add to its weaknesses. Figure 1 below illustrates a typical toaster: Figure 1: A cross section of the sandwich toaster Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From figure 1 above, it appears that the most conspicuous aspect of the appliance is the extended heating material. The curved copper element arcs across the inner surface of the plates. One places their sandwich on the rectangular part (Murielle (2011, para. 4). Evidently, a lot of heat is lost during the toasting process. The heat dissipates into the regions that are not in contact with the bread. In addition, the toaster has a phenol formaldehyde casing that acts as an insulator. The same is indicated by the darkened regions on the diagram. The material used to make the handles should be biodegradable to make the recycling process easier Implications of the Weaknesses Klopfer and Grahl (2014, p. 83) are of the opinion that the performance and durability of an appliance are directly linked to the machine’s shortcomings. The said weaknesses have several implications on the functionality of this gadget. Such weaknesses should be addressed to improve the overall quality of the item. In life cycle analysis, such a product as a toaster is expected to complete its cycle. The phases run from the time it was manufactured to the recycling point. The inability to complete the span implies that the performance of that appliance is compromised (see Figure 2 below). Figure 2: Life Cycle of an Appliance Adapted from: Klopfer and Grahl (2014) From Figure 2, it is evident that an appliance undergoes several stages that make up its ‘life’. The phases are evident in spite of the fact that the machine is inanimate in nature. Roughly, there are four phases in the life of an appliance. As indicated in the figure above, the stages start with the preparation of raw materials and end with the recycling of the product (Alastair 2009, p. 151). In some cases, shortcomings may inhibit the flow of the cycle. Under such circumstances, overall performance is affected (Esty Simmons 2011, p. 188). The discourse provided in the previous section reveals that the major w eaknesses of a sandwich toaster are related to its energy consumption, packaging, and difficulty in disposal. Curran (2012, p. 93) argues that it is possible to regulate the rate at which an appliance consumes power. The major components of the sandwich toaster, as illustrated in figure 1 above, comprise of steel and copper heating materials. The abundant use of these elements is responsible for the high consumption of electricity. The use of energy is further compounded by the quality of steel used to assemble the product. Poor quality steel translates to high energy consumption (Chapman 2005, p. 187). The case is the same for copper with impurities. Appliances that utilise a lot of energy lead to increased demand for electricity, which has a ripple effect on the environment. Today, fossil fuels and a host of other non-renewable energy sources account for most of the electrical power produced in the world (Klopfer Grahl 2014, p. 97; Thwaites 2011, p. 109). Alastair (2009, p. 106) is emphatic that fossil fuels contribute to environmental degradation. As such, appliances whose electrical consumption is high lead to increased massive ecological deprivation. The exploitation emanates from the fact that a lot of fossil fuels will be required to produce electricity. On a more positive note, high demand for energy gives rise to the formulation of innovative measures. Curran (2012, p. 100) suggests that the need for environmental protection has triggered the development of alternative sources of energy. The existence of appliances whose power consumption is high means that the demand for energy in the market will persist. Innovation is needed to come up with appliances with low power consumption. The objective of these interventions is to minimise environmental degradation by reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The other major weakness discussed in the previous section is the difficulty of recycling a toaster. According to Chapman (2005, p. 129), life cycle analysis has specific guidelines that should be followed in disposing an item. The analysis requires the appliance to be re-used to prevent the generation of more synthetic materials. As already indicated in this report, the need to recycle is governed by the element of environmental conservation. To this effect, an appliance that is assembled using materials that pose a challenge during the recycling process will increase environmental degradation. Proposed Redesign of the Toaster According to Energy.gov (2013, para. 2), the rising demand for electrical appliances leads to a proportionate increase in demand for energy. The aspect of environmental protection comes in when the energy is produced in a manner that is not eco-friendly. Kibert (2012, p. 163) insists that it is important to manufacture appliances that consume less power. The interaction between such gadgets and the environment is not harmful. The scenario illustrates the need to dismantle the typical toaster and come up with a new design that addresses the aforementioned weaknesses. To enhance the performance of an electrical appliance, the preferred redesign should be based on the incremental improvement of the constituent components. Horne et al. (2009, p. 96) hold the opinion that such re-engineering is achieved by substituting the unnecessary material. However, the replacement should be done in a way that does not interrupt the functions of the device. On the contrary, the functions should be improved (Horne et al. 2009, p. 96). With regards to the toaster addressed in this report, it is important to make several changes as far as packaging is concerned. Pablo (2009, p. 61) argues that most clients misplace the instruction manuals that come with an appliance. The few who retain the papers end up disposing them at some point. To address this issue, manufacturers of a simple machine like toaster should consider printing the instructions on a section of the actual device. For example, the instructions may b e embossed at the bottom of the machine. Such a modification will help to reduce the adverse effects that papers and plastics have on the environment. The same will also ease the recycling process, meeting the specifications laid down by LCA. The power cable is another aspect of the toaster that requires redesigning. According to Murielle (2011, para. 5), the plastic cords can be redesigned to improve functionality. Plastics are non-biodegradable, something that complicates the recycling process. It is advisable to replace the long cables with a shorter version, which further insulates the toaster. Still on the subject of insulation, the phenol formaldehyde used to coat the handles should be replaced with a bio-degradable material like bamboo (Crawford 2008, p. 500). The most important aspect of a toaster is its heating capabilities. Murielle (2011, para. 5) holds that the only way to improve the performance of a toaster is to enhance its heating qualities. Such an improvement calls for increased insulation by covering the exposed parts. In addition, manufactures can make use of components with little electrical resistance. One such material is copper with very few impurities. The new design should avoid having the copper arc across the cross-section of the plates. Instead, the sandwich toaster should have the heating material concentrated on the sections where the bread is placed. The same helps to distribute the heat evenly. Murielle (2011, para. 4) posits that an even distribution of heat helps to hasten the heating process, which reduces the amount of electricity spent. The major objective of the proposed modifications is to enhance the performance of the machine and improve its efficiency (Alastair 2009, p. 73). Redesigning a toaster is meant to enhance the quality of the toasted bread and eliminate components that have a negative effect impact on the environment. In addition, the proposed design will make it possible for the toaster to go through the com plete ‘life cycle’ with little or no hindrances. The objective is realised through the elimination of non- biodegradable materials, which are replaced with those that are friendlier to the environment. The proposed design is illustrated in figure 3 below: Figure 3: A cross section of the re-designed toaster The figure above makes it obvious that the new toaster is significantly different from the old one. The surface area covered by the heating filament has increased. Each of the sections in the plates has a portion of the heating filament running on it. The thickness of the copper has also decreased to reduce energy consumption (Alastair 2009, p. 113). The insulating material has been changed from the initial phenol formaldehyde to bamboo. The new insulator has properties that allow it to reduce heat loss into the environment. As a result, most of the heat energy is retained within the toaster. The same helps to reduce the time spent in burning the bread. The ripple e ffect is that a smaller amount of electricity is spent. Conclusion The recommendations made in this report are important in enhancing the performance of various machines used in the home and in the office. According to Chapman (2005, p. 108), the human race is heading to an era where electronic appliances will be vital components of life. At the same time, there will be increased demand for energy. All these developments need to address the issue of sustainable source of energy. The design of new appliances should help in conserving the environment and minimising energy consumption. The recommended and remodelled toaster responds to the weaknesses of the standard machine and makes it more efficient. The efficiency of other appliances must also be enhanced. However, the new designs should not impair the normal functioning of the product. References Alastair, F 2009, The eco-design handbook: a complete sourcebook for the home and office, Thames Hudson Publishers, London. Chapman, J 2 005, Emotionally durable design: objects experiences and empathy, Routlege, New York. Crawford, R 2008, ‘Validation of a hybrid life-cycle inventory analysis method’, Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 88 no. 3, pp. 496-506. Curran, A 2012, Life cycle assessment handbook: a guide for environmentally sustainable products, Wiley, London. Energy.gov 2013, Estimating appliance and home electronic energy use. Web. Esty, C Simmons, P 2011, The green to gold business playbook: how to implement sustainability practices for bottom-line results in every business function, Wiley, London. Guo, M 2012, Life cycle assessments (LCA) of lightweight eco-composites, Springer, New York. Hendrickson, T, Lester, B Scott, H 2006, Environmental life cycle assessment of goods and services: an input-output approach, Routlege, London. Horne, R, Grant, T Verghese, K 2009, Life cycle assessment: principles practice and prospects, Collongwood, CSIRO Publishing. Kibert, J 2012, Sustainable construction: green building design and delivery, Wiley, London. Klopfer, W Grahl, B 2014, Life cycle assessment, Wiley, London. Lowell, J 2009, Environmentally friendly toaster saves planet and breakfast. Web. Murielle, 2011, Creating and maintaining an eco-friendly kitchen. Web. Pablo, L 2012, Bamboo: a sustainable solution for Western Europe design cases LCAs and land-use, VSSD, Delft. Smil, V 2013, Making the modern world: materials and dematerialization, Wiley, London. Thwaites, T 2011, The toaster project: or a heroic attempt to build a simple electric appliance from scratch, Princeton Architectural Press, Princeton. Trusty, W 2010, An overview of life cycle assessments: part one. Web. United States Environmental Protection Agency 2012, Risk management sustainable technology: life cycle assessment (LCA). Web. Vallero, D Brasier, C 2008, Sustainable design: the science of sustainability and green engineering, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New Jersey. Vogtlander, G 2009, LCA-bas ed assessment of sustainability: the eco-costs/value ratio EVR, VSSD, Delft. Vogtlander, G 2011, A quick reference guide to LCA data and eco-based materials selection, VSSD, Delft. Vogtlander, G, Maestre, A, Rosan, H, Arno, S, Reene, W. 2013, Eco-efficient value creation, sustainable design and business strategies, Delft Academic Press, Delft. Zamagni, A 2012, ‘Life cycle sustainability assessment’, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, vol. 17 no. 4, pp. 373-376. This report on Redesigning a SandwichToaster to Improve its Performance and Life Cycle was written and submitted by user Seamus Beck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Love in Oceania essays

Love in Oceania essays Winston Smith lives in Oceania. Oceania is the utopian vision of Big Brother and the Inner Party. The year is 1984 and Winstons world is made up of telescreens and thought police. At any given moment in time he is being watched. Despite all of this he is lonely. He desires someone to talk to and someone to love. Winstons love interests in 1984 vary from Julia, O'Brien, to Big Brother. The concept of love in Oceania is controlled and perceived in a frightening manner. The daily loneliness is very difficult for Winston. He begins a diary knowing he will be caught. This seems trivial to him. There is little that makes him happy in life and the consequences of his diary seem unimportant. This all changes when he is given a slip of paper with three simple words on it, I love you. Their love affair gave Winston something to live for. He felt a sort of purpose in loving Julia. He satisfied his human urge to talk to someone and to be affectionate with another human being. Sex was also purposeful. Sexual intercourse was almost forbidden. Sex and love were to never be intertwined. Orgasms were practically illegal and promiscuity even worse. Winston felt that his love for Julia and their lovemaking was a rebellious act against the Inner Party and Big Brother. Winston became a much happier character after he began his relationship with Julia. He appreciated life and times he could sneak away to be with her. For a short while he stopped writ ing in his diary for fear of death; he wished to live for Julia and their love. Winston feels and affinity with his superior, O'Brien. There is a love affair on Winstons part to OBrien. OBrien is the father figure missing from Winstons past. He is the protector and the savior of Winston. Within the Ministry of Love, the true job of OBrien is revealed. The concept of live in the Ministry of Love is to love Big Brother. O&ap...

About Florence Knoll, Architect of Corporate Interiors

About Florence Knoll, Architect of Corporate Interiors Trained in architecture, Florence Margaret Schust Knoll Bassett designed interiors that transformed corporate offices in the mid-20th century. Not merely an interior decorator, Florence Knoll reconfigured space and developed many of the iconic furnishings we see in offices today.   Early Life Florence Schust, known as Shu among her friends and family, was born on  May 24, 1917 in  Ã‚  Saginaw, Michigan. Florences older brother, Frederick John Schust (1912-1920), died when she was only three years old. Both her father, Frederick Schust (1881-1923), and her mother, Mina Matilda Haist Schust (1884-1931), also died when Florence was young [genealogy.com]. Her upbringing was entrusted to guardians. My father was Swiss and emigrated to the United States as a young man. While studying to become an engineer, he met my mother at college. Unfortunately, they both had short life spans, and I was orphaned at an early age. One of my strong memories of my father was when he showed me blueprints on his desk. They seemed enormous to a five year old, but nonetheless, I was enchanted by them. When my mother became seriously ill, she had the foresight to appoint a banker friend, Emile Tessin, as my legal guardian....[A]rrangements were made for me to go to boarding school, and I was given the opportunity to make the selection. I had heard of Kingswood, and we went to check it out....As a result my interest in design and future career began there.- FK Archives Education and Training 1932-34: Kingswood School, Cranbrook1934-1935: Cranbrook Academy of Art; studies under architect and furniture designer Eliel Saarinen, father of Eero Saarinen1935: School of Architecture, Columbia University, NYC; studies town planning1936-1937: Cranbrook Academy of Art; explores furniture-making with Eero Saarinen and Charles Eames1938-1939: Architectural Association, London; influenced by Le Corbusiers International style; left England as WWII spread1940: Moves to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and works for Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer; influenced by the Bauhaus school and Marcel Breuers steel-tubed modern furniture.1940-1941: Illinois Institute of Technology (Armour Institute), Chicago; studies under Mies van der Rohe New York City 1941-1942: Harrison and Abramovitz, NYC ...being the only female, I was assigned to do the few interiors required. That was how I met Hans Knoll who was beginning his furniture business. He needed a designer to do interiors and eventually I joined him. This was the beginning of the Planning Unit.- FK Archives The Knoll Years 1941-1942: Moonlights on special projects at Hans G. Knoll Furniture Company. Hans Knoll, the son of a German furniture-maker, came to New York in 1937 and established his own furniture company in 1938.1943: Joins Knoll Furniture Company full time1946: Establishes and becomes Director of the Knoll Planning Unit; company reorganized to become Knoll Associates, Inc.; Post-World War II building boom begins and old Cranbrook friends are enlisted to design furniture; Hans and Florence get married.1948: Mies van der Rohe gives Knoll exclusive rights to manufacture the Barcelona chair1951: H.G. Knoll International formed1955: Hans Knoll killed in automobile accident; Florence Knoll named President of company1958: Marries Harry Hood Bassett (1917-1991)1959: Resigns as President of Knoll International; remains as design consultant1964: Last major project, the New York City interiors for the CBS Headquarters designed by Eero Saarinen (1910-1961) and completed by Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo19 65: Retires from the Knoll company; private design practice My principal work as director of the Planning Unit encompassed all visual design- furniture, textiles and graphics. My role as interior designer and space planner naturally led to furniture to meet the needs of varied projects from domestic to corporate. I thought of these designs as architectural pieces that defined the space as well as meeting the functional requirements, while designers like Eero Saarinen and Harry Bertoia created sculptural chairs.- FK Archives Major Awards 1961: AIA Gold Medal for Industrial Design, being the first woman to win the Industrial Arts Medal. Inscription begins: You have abundantly justified your training as an architect as well as the rare fortune of being a protà ©gà ©e in Eliel Saarinens family, and also a student under Mies van der Rohe.1962: International Design Award, American Institute of Interior Designers; Knolls most notable design is the elliptical table-desk, the archetypal boat-shaped conference table most of us have frequented.2002: National Medal of Arts, the highest award given to artists by the United States government Mentors Rachel de Wolfe Raseman, the art director of Kingswood and a graduate architect from Cornell University. She guided me into the world of architecture and design. I learned the basics of planning and drafting and my first project was to design a house.The Saarinens befriended me and took me under their wing. They asked my guardian for permission to accompany them to Hvitrask, their home in Finland for the summer....One summer at Hvitrask Eero decided to give me a course in architectural history. He talked and drew these sketches simultaneously on sheets of stationery beginning with Greek, Roman and Byzantine periods. He discussed each detail as the drawings appeared on the paper.Mies van der Rohe had a profound effect on my design approach and the clarification of design. Learn More: Florence Knoll The Planning Unit by John Engelen, Dedece, January 29, 2014American Women Tastemakers: Florence Knoll Bassett, Archives of American ArtMid-Century Modern StyleThe book Women Designers in the USA, 1900-2000: Diversity and Difference, ed. Pat Kirkham, Yale University Press, 2002 Knoll Websites: Knoll InternationalKnoll Home Design ShopKnoll Furniture for Kids Sources: Biographies of the Artists, Design in America: The Cranbrook Vision, 1925-1950 (Exhibition Catalogue) by New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and Detroit Institute of Arts, edited by Robert Judson Clark, Andrea P. A. Belloli, 1984, p. 270; Knoll Timeline and History at knoll.com; www.genealogy.com/users/c/h/o/Paula-L-Chodacki/ODT43-0281.html at Genealogy.com; Florence Knoll Bassett papers, 1932-2000. Box 1, Folder 1 and Box 4, Folder 10. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [accessed March 20, 2014]

Communism vs. Capitalism. My Ideal Government System Essay

Communism vs. Capitalism. My Ideal Government System - Essay Example The essay also shows the opinions of prominent figures of politics and economy regarding each government system. Both systems are compared on the basis of education, economy, employment and health standards. The bibliography comprises 6 sources. The most recent one published 2010. Introduction. Communism is a form of government where the resources and the means of production are controlled by the society and the government is headed by one party or the communist party. It was an idea developed by Karl Marx and supported by Stalin and others. For Marx, an ideal government was the one that ensured equality to all members of society without classes. Before then, the economy was controlled by the businessmen and factory owners commonly referred as bourgeoisies whose aim was to make a profit at the expense of the poor farmers who were referred as the proletariat. Capitalism, on the other hand, is characterized by the existence of classes in the society. The means of production is controlled by private individuals who own private property and the government is democratic in nature. The market forces determine what is to be produced and who is to consume the products depending on the wealth of individuals. The private owners thus make huge profits and invest it in machinery and more business investments while the poor continue being poor as they can’t afford to buy goods. A wide gap, therefore, exists between the rich and the poor in the society (Grant & Vidler, 19-25). Communist government is thus preferred as it reduces inequalities and classes in the society and is effective in transforming backward economies. A capitalist system of government is a free market economy where price of products is determined by market forces. The market also allocates the resources to members of society depending on one’s income. The government does not intervene in controlling the prices. In this situation, the owners of property whose aim is to maximize profit may set high prices for products or make goods unavailable so as to control demand and in turn raise prices. The poor consumers are therefore forced to cut consumption of some goods as they cannot afford leaving them to the rich t hus widening the gap between the rich and the poor. Inflation is inevitable due to rise and fall in prices of goods and services (Grant & Vidler, 22). On the other hand, a communist system of government is controlled by the state. It is a command economy where prices are determined by the government thus inflation is controlled. The state also distributes goods and services equally to the society (Schwartz, 292). The resources are distributed according to needs of each individual hence no chance of creating income and wealth inequalities in society; it exercises fairness and equality. The capitalist system is driven by self interest of the actors in the economy. Due to profit maximization objective by businessmen, they are not able to provide essential goods and services that do not make profit such as education and health (Grant, 6). On the other hand, the communist state is involved in provision of resources to all. It thus provides public and merit goods to the society among othe r goods hence individuals in a communist economy benefit from improved public transport, education, and health among others (Leslie, 223). The state also subsidizes basic foodstuffs thus making them affordable to all members of the society unlike in capitalist states where one’s income determines the bundle of goods to buy. Schwartz (292) argues that individuals in a communist state work according to ability. Thus, each individual who is of working age is given a job depending on the skills he/she possesses but the resources obtained are shared among the society according to the needs of each household. The economy hence operates at near or full employment, unemployment

Goddesses in world religions and cultures Research Paper

Goddesses in world religions and cultures - Research Paper Example Divinity relates to the existence and our subsequent belief in God, Gods, and/or Goddesses. Various cultures have followed polytheistic and monotheistic ideals of divinity for centuries. Some still survive today and some do not. One such Deity representation which has become a symbol rather than actual worship in the modern world is the Goddess Culture, or Goddess centered worships. Though it has manifested itself in pop culture, mass consumerism, and various outspread ‘occult’ religions, it has powerful roots in practices of old. We know that civilization’s cradle was hunting and agriculture. These two aspects were attributed to male and female counterparts as part of a natural living arrangement. Women and agriculture were equated as being fertile, bringing forth new life and vitality. This gave way to perhaps a self-constructed notion of a female deity which was responsible for vegetative-ness. Though we may not see evidence of it in our current world surroundings, the European Goddess culture of old lasted for thousands of years and has managed to permeate into differing modern day contexts. The eventual suppression of Goddess worship came about as a result of a number of factors. Historians largely believe that the Eastern dominance of Europe had a major impact. They brought biological knowledge of male procreation as well as their own mostly patriarchal values to Europe. This slow evolvement of thought coupled with male brute strength eventually came to replace the concept of the Divine Feminine and render her inferior to men. The situation was intensified when the witch-hunts and witch-burnings of the Middle Ages began to take place all across Europe and America. These were the same women who were considered heretics, pagans, and followers of some unnatural nature religion. But prior to such suppression, somewhere during the pre-Christian era, polytheistic

Health drinks Essay Example for Free

Health drinks Essay In India Consumers behavior towards purchase of food drink products like beverage are changing due to economic and personal factors. Once if we compare last five years the prices of beverage products, it could be noted that there is an increase. The major reasons for the increase in the sales of food drinks are due to the increased consumption level among the customers. On an average an individual would consume these products two to three times in a day. Moreover, the prices were also designed in such a manner by the manufacturers making it possible so that every consumer from different segment based on their demographic and geographical patterns could be able to make the purchase. In effect it influences the consumers at large to opt for non-branded and cheap products that are available in the marketplace. This work was undertaken with an object to identify the pattern of purchase by the consumers, factors that dominate and influence the consumers to purchase the products and lastly the impact of demographic factors on the purchase of health food drinks consumption in the study area. The study clearly shows that demographic factors like gender, place of purchase are largely influence the consumers while they purchase beverage products in the shops. Clanging consumerism is the biggest factor that plays a major role as for as consumers purchase behavior is concern. KEYWORDS Health Food and Soft Drinks, Demographic Factors, Purchase, Beverages, Consumer Behaviour, Corporate, Leverage, Consumerism, Consumption. INTRODUCTION Changing consumer behaviour is the biggest challenge for any corporate beverage companies especially for companies like Tata, ITC etc. This is mainly due factors that influence the consumers while purchasing beverage products. For instance, factors such as offers, discount etc. , often increase the purchase. Health food drink products like beverages (hot and cold) are major items that consumer purchase as they consume beverage products not less than two to three times a day. According to the consumers demographic factors like Gender, Age, Educational Status, Marital Status, Occupation, Domicile, and Shopping Destinations often influence consumers while purchasing health food drink products. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study aims to find the customer preferences towards health food drink products. It has been carried out for period of 2 months focusing all type of consumers. It was restricted to information regarding the demographic profile of the consumers and questions regarding four P’s of marketing tools. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH To understand the overall purchase pattern of the beverages by the consumers. To identify the level of influence various factor dominate the consumers. To have an insight about prepurchase behavior of consumers. To understand the impact of demographic factors of consumers upon purchase beverage products. RESEARCH DESIGN A Research design is process of collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economic aspect involved in mind. A Research is purely and simply the framework and a plan for the study that guides the collection and analysis of data. It is a blue print followed in completing a study which contains the steps as: Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a process of systemic study. Research is a search of knowledge. Research is an area of investigation which includes collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Research has to proceed systematically in the already planned direction with the help of a number of steps in sequence. To make the research systemized the researcher has to adopt certain methods. The method adopted by the researcher for completing the project is called Research Methodology. DATA COLLECTION METHODOLOGY AND Data refers to information or facts. It is not only refers numerical figures but also include descriptive facts. The method of data collection includes two types for the study, such as primary data and secondary data. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHOD The primary was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire directly from consumers through personal interview. The questionnaire contains questions that suit the objectives of the study. The questions will help to draw the information A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun relating to purchase pattern of beverage products by the consumers. The Primary data was collected with a set of specific objective to assess the current status of variables considered for the study. Primary data is useful and applicable only for a specific time. and previous reports, magazines, sales vouchers etc. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION MULTI-DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS METHODS OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION The performance of buying behaviour varies by the different stages of influence. In the study area out of 106 respondents divided into two groups, one is low level of influencer and high level of influencer. For the purpose of the study 7 variables were selected. Although there are several methods are being used for collecting primary data, questionnaire and interview methods has been employed in this study. SECONDARY DATA Gender Age Educational Status Marital Status Occupation Living Place Place of Shopping It was used mainly to support the primary data. Secondary data was collected from sources such as through books, annual reports, significant, available literatures from organization TABLE No. 1 SUMMARY TABLE BETWEEN LOW INFLUENCER AND HIGH INFLUENCER GROUPS STEP 1. 2. VARIABLE ENTERED Gender Place of purchase WILK’S LAMBDA 0. 955 0. 909 MINIMUM D2 SIGNIFICANCE 0. 222 0. 471 ** * *. Significant at 1% level, ** Significant at 5% level, TABLE No. 2. CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION CANONICAL CORRELATION 0. 302 WILKS LAMBDA 0. 909 The canonical correlation is 0. 302 when squared is 0. 091 that is 9. 1% of the variance in the discriminant group can be accounted for by this model, Wilk’s Lambda and chi-square value suggest that D. F. is significant at 1% level. The variables given above are CHISQUARE 9. 711 D. F. SIG 2 Significant at 1% level identified finally by the D. F. A. as the eligible discriminating variables. Based on the selected variables the corresponding D. F. coefficients are calculated. They are given in the following table. TABLE NO. 3: DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS Namex International Journal of Management Research 33 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July – December 2012. A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun. VARIABLES COEFFICIENTS 1. 812 0. 777 4. 635 Gender Place of Purchase Constant The equation is: Z = 4. 635+ 1. 812 (Gender) + 0. 777 (Place of purchase) The discriminating power or the contribution of each variable to the function can sufficiently. For this consider the following table. TABLE No. 4- RELATIVE DISCRIMINATING INDEX FACTORS Gender Place of Purchase GROUP 1 MEAN X1 1. 58 2. 90 GROUP2 MEAN X2 UNSTANDARDIZED DIC. COEFF. (kj) 1. 35 2. 55 1. 812 0. 777 Ij = ABS (Kj) MEAN (Xjo – x ji) 1. 24 0. 29 1. 53 Total Rj = Ij / sum Ij j*100 81. 0 19. 0 100. 0 This reclassification is called predictor group membership. In short, the efficiency of the D. F. is how correctly it predicts the respondents into respective groups. TABLE NO. 5 – CLASSIFICATION RESULTS PREDICTED GROUP MEMBERSHIP ACTUAL GROUP No. OF CASES GROUP I Group 1 (Low Influencer) Group 2 (High Influencer) 20 (64. 5%) 31 (41. 9%) 31 74 GROUP II 11 (35. 5%) 43 (58. 1%) Percent of grouped cases correctly classified: 60. 0%. The above table gives the results of the reclassification. The function, using the variables selected in the analysis classified 60. 0% of the cases correctly in the respective groups. low and high influencer. The following factors significantly discriminate the two influencer groups. They are: Gender (at 5% level) Place of purchase (at 1% level) Discriminate function analysis was applied to the respondents based on the TABLE NO. 6: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS (N=106) ITEM GENDER Male Female MARITAL STATUS Single Married NUMBER Namex International Journal of Management Research PERCENTAGE 61 45 58. 00 42. 00 21 84 19. 88 79. 25 34 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July – December 2012. A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun Widow EDUCATIONAL STATUS Elementary School High School Graduate Post Graduate Doctoral Degree OCCUPATION Professional Worker Business Retired Staff House Wife PLACE Salem Omalur Mecheri Mettur Dam Kolathur The Present study is related to consumers behaviour on health food drinks in Salem area. In the constituted sample size of 106 respondents it was found there were 61. 33% professionals, 04. 71% workers, 30. 18% businessmen, 0. 94% retired staff and 02. 83% house wife. The distributions of consumers were found to be from locations such as Salem, Omalur, Mecheri, Mettur Dam and Kolathur. From the above table it could be seen that 34. 91 % of consumers were from Kolathur, 31. 33% of consumers were from Mettur 01 0. 94 09 12 23 55 04 08. 49 11. 33 21. 69 51. 89 03. 78 65 05 32 01 03 61. 33 04. 71 30. 18 0. 94 02. 83 25 01 10 33 37 23. 59 09. 44 09. 44 31. 33 34. 91 doctoral. With respect to the occupation of the respondents was concerned, 61. 33% were professional, 30. 18 were business person and remaining 6% were worker, retired staff and house wives. STATISTICAL TOOLS APPLIED The primary data collected through interview schedule from 106 respondents. The statistical tool applied is multi discriminant analyses were used for this study. FINDINGS Dam, 23. 59% of consumers were from Salem City, 9. 44% of consumers were from Mecheri and the remaining 0. 94% of consumers were from Omalur. The gender distributions of consumers in the study, it is noted 58% of the respondents were male and the remaining 42% were female. As for as education qualification of the consumer was concerned, there were 51. 89% post graduate, 21. 69% graduate, 11. 33% high school level, 8. 49% elementary school level and the remaining 3. 78% Namex International Journal of Management Research The study shows the following findings. It’s clearly shows that the below gender and place were significantly differed: Gender (at 5% level) Place of purchase (at 1% level) CONCLUSION The study clearly shows that demographic factors like gender, place 35 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July – December 2012. A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun of purchase are largely influence the consumers while they purchase beverage products in the shops. Clanging consumerism is the biggest factor that plays a major role as for as consumers purchase behavior is concern. REFERENCES Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence Of Overweight. And Obesity In The United States, 1999–2004. JAMA. 2006; 295(13):1549–1555. [PubMed] The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity 2001. Rockville, MD: Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2001. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2005; 293(15):1861–1867. [PubMed]. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004; 291(10):1238–1245. [PubMed]. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CI, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999– 2002. JAMA. 2004; 291(23):2847–2850. [PubMed]. National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality. Expert Committee recommendations on assessment, prevention, and treatment of child and adolescent overweight and obesity 2007. [Accessed January 27, 2008]. http://www. amaassn. org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/43 3/ped_obesity_recs. pdf. Johnston FE. Health implications of childhood obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 103(6, pt 2):1068– 1072. [PubMed]. Namex International Journal of Management Research Serdula MK, Iver D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do Obese Children Become Obese Adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993; 22(2):167–177. [PubMed]. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight And Obesity In The United States: Prevalence And Trends, 1960– 1994. Int. J. Obes. Relat Metab Disord. 1998; 22(1):39–47. [PubMed]. Sellers K, Russo T, Baker I, Dennison B. The Role Of Childcare Providers In The Prevention Of Childhood Overweight. J Early Child Res. 2005; 3(3):227–242. WEBSIGHTS www. yahoo. com. www. google. com. www. hul. co. in. 36 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July – December 2012.

A Man?s Vision Of Love: :: essays research papers fc

A Man’s Vision of Love: An Examination of William Broyles Jr.’s Esquire Article â€Å"Why Men Love War†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Men love war because it allows them to look serious. Because they imagine it is the one thing that stops women laughing at them. In it they can reduce women to the status of objects. This is the great distinction between the sexes. Men see objects, women see the relationship between objects. Whether the objects need each other, love each other, match each other. It is an extra dimension of feeling we men are without and one that makes war abhorrent to all real women - and absurd. I will tell you what war is. War is a psychosis caused by an inability to see relationships. Our relationship with our fellow men. Our relationship with out economic and historical situation. And above all our relationship to nothingness. To death.† John Fowles in The Magus A Man’s Vision of Love: An Examination of William Broyles Jr.’s Esquire Article â€Å"Why Men Love War†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fact that war is both beautiful as well as nauseating is a great ambiguity for men. In his article for Esquire magazine in 1985 William Broyles Jr attempts to articulate this ambiguity while being rather unclear himself. On the one hand Broyles says that men do not long for the classic male experience of going to war, while on the other hand he says that men who return know that they have delved into an area of their soul which most men are never able to. Broyles says that men love war for many reasons some obvious and some obviously disturbing. Many books support this notion while few stray far from the admission of love. I believe that most sources indicate that men do in fact love war in a general masculine way. I also believe that the sources that do not admit to this love of war do not because of the author’s unique, face-to-face experience with war’s most severe atrocities. I feel that the sources, while few in number can faithfully account for the average soldier in any war in the twentieth century, which Broyles applies his argument to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stories of combat provide a way of coping with a fundamental tension of war: although the act of killing another person in battle may invoke a wave of nauseous distress, it may also incite intense feelings of pleasure. William Broyles was one of many combat soldiers who articulated this ambiguity.

The Classic of Poetry

The Classic of Poetry is a collection of old Chinese literature that has been rewritten and renamed into the Book of Songs/Odes. (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 812) This collection of poems seemed to become popular around the beginning of Confucianism. Confucianism is the concept of centering one’s life or work on authority figures, family, and friends. The expression of Confucianism is best seen in the work of Tu Fu. Confucianism is wide spread throughout the Classic of Poetry.Confucianism is brought out in the poetry because it focuses on education, political views, and social views. Education in the poetry helped to spread the ideas or moral values and knowledge to the people of China. (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 812) Political and social views were also spread because it seemed to give the Chinese people an outlook of their own political system and how the system was used to run the different Chinese dynasties. The Classic of Po etry spread through China like wildfire and was first recognized the most by the Chou society. â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 812) Confucius wanted the poetry to get a reaction from people and for people to be able to get actual perceptions from reading the poetry. The idea was for the reader to be able to put themselves in the author’s brain as if the reader is physically seeing what the author describes. The Classic of Poetry is compiled of simple poetry it essentially lays out the reality of â€Å"early Chinese Civilization. † (Norton Anthology of World Literature† 813) Also read: Platos Attack on PoetryDifferent works in the Classic of Poetry truly do seem very simple but when reading between the lines it is easy to find the poem’s true meaning. â€Å"Fishhawk† is an excellent example of poetry that appears to be simple, but in reality it has a deep meaning. â€Å"Fishhawk† is a poem about a female that is watching her husband have an affair with a much younger woman from a distance. The woman is hurt and angered but will stay with her husband until the end of her/his days because that is what is expected. She would not dare to leave her husband even though there is infidelity in the marriage. Stewart) There seems to be an unwritten understanding that marriage in the Chinese culture is sacred even if there is no physical attraction between the husband and wife. Marriage is a sacred bond and one would never enter into divorce. Popol Vuh is a compilation of stories from the â€Å"Quiche people of Guatemala. † (â€Å"Norto n Anthology of World Literature† 3076) Popol Vuh is full of â€Å"mythological narratives and a genealogy of the rulers of the Post-Classic Quiche Maya kingdom of highland Guatemala. (Vopus) The Popol Vuh is made of stories merged together to create an epic and â€Å"may be called novelistic. † (â€Å"Norton Anthology of World Literature† 3076) The Popol Vuh also has comparisons to those in â€Å"The Bible† since it covers creation of the Earth and the living creatures on the earth. â€Å"The Bible† explains how God made the Heavens and the Earths and Popol Vuh explains how gods made the Earth, placed in in the sky, and populated the Earth with living creatures. The comparison between â€Å"The Bible† and Popol Vuh is perhaps the biggest comparison that can be made since there are various similarities. The Bible† covers the great flood and how God was angered by the sins of mankind and He destroyed the Earth and everyone except Noah an d his family and the animals on the ark. Popol Vuh gods were also angered by mankind and sent a flood to destroy them as well. The mythology aspect in the Popol Vuh is perhaps a passed down story from â€Å"The Bible† that is told according to the Quiche people. Clearly there are enough similarities to bring truth to â€Å"The Bible† and the story of creation and the flood. Popol Vuh genealogy is depicted through the family ties.The twins Hunahu and Xbalanque are the main focus of the story’s genealogy. The twins have a family line that is involved throughout the Popol Vuh. Part Three of the Popol Vuh goes back to an earlier time in history when Hun-Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu, the father and uncle of the twins, were defeated in the underworld and were buried in the ball court. Hun-Hunahpu and Vucub Hunahpu were great ball players as were the twins Hunahu and Xbalanque. The genealogical connections are that the family as a whole were good ball players and were app arently good at defeating others.There is a family tie there that cannot be broken and is strong bond. The Classic of Poetry and the Popol Vuh are both amazing works of world literature. Each of these works has made its mark on two very different cultures and societies. The Chinese culture is one that is strong and true in morals and knowledge following Confucianism. The Quiche also seemed to be focused on strong morals and religions as a whole. Bibliography Stewart, Summer. † Women: The Hips of Ancient Chinese and Egyptian Cultures. † . N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jul 2012. lt;http://voices. yahoo. com/women-hips-ancient-chinese-egyptian- cultures-5713174. html>. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second. A. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 2002. 812. Print. The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Second. C. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , 2002. 812. Print. Vopus, . â€Å"Popol Vuh – The Sacred Book of The Mayas. † . N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 Jul 2012. .

Online Library System

Chapter 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction As science and technology continues to advance, most of the manual task has been transformed into cybernet operation in order to cope up with the trend of the age. The fast pace makes any invention obsolete in a few years time. Today people at work and in whatever field of the study consider the computer as a huge help. For instance, in storing and printing documents in mathematical operation, a computer could provide fast tracking work within this area, unlike in manual operation wherein access is very limited.Inspired by the continuing effort raised by some pre need agencies in giving opportunities to some people in securing their future, the researchers come up with the idea of conducting a study about thecurrent Library Management Sytem of Asian Development Foundation College. It is designed for the convenience of the management on keeping track and storing information. The proposed system will serve the user in many ways thro ugh a speedy, tedious and dependable system. For decades the library of Asian Development Foundation College still follows the traditional system never hindering the production of competitive graduates.But sad to say, a large part of their students hardly visits the library at all. Maybe because it is located at the fifth floor of the six-storied building or preferred books in the library takes effort and time for the hectic scheduled students of ADFC. The researchers planned to develop an Online Library Management System they believe it could be the solution to the problem. It will certainly reduce consumption of time, money, effort and stress. Human errors will be lessened and users, whether students or librarians, will enjoy a more carefree environment making an Online Library Management System highly recommended. Statement of the Problem The Online Library Management System is exclusively designed for Asian Development Foundation College. It aims to answer the following: 1. What are the problems encountered on the current LibraryManagementSytem? 2. What system may be proposed to improve the current Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College? 3. What are the inputs needed in developing the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College? 4.What are the assessments of the respondents on the developed Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College in terms of: a. Contents? b. Usefulness? Theoretical Framework According to Mike Lance Richards â€Å"Information Processing Theory, is a concept of information processing states that this theory is primarily concern with the study of memory and on the evaluation of information†. Like computer the human mind takes in information and performs operation when needed and retrieval. Having accurate information in conducting the study it will help in the process evaluation primary concern. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"Constructivism Theory , knowledge is not about the world but rather constitutive of the world†. Knowledge is not a fixed about the individual through his practice of the object constructs it. A person who has the exact knowledge of a certain activity is so much important. When people work collaboratively in an authentic activity they bring their own framework and perspective to the activity. They can see the problems form different perspective and are able to negotiate and generate meaning and solution through shared understanding. 3According to Charles M. Reigeluth, â€Å"Elaboration Theory of Instruction deals with the macro level of instruction. † It is primarily concerned with the sequencing of ideas as opposed to the individual ideas themselves and examples relating to them. The sequencing of ideas relates to fundamental and representational ideas or core principles. This theory serves as foundation from which more specific maybe developed. 4 The three theories which are the Information Processing, Constructivism and Elaboration Theories, was used by the researcher as basis for their study.First, the Information Processing Theory helps gather accurate information in order to perform their operations. While Constructivism Theory, researchers, works collaboratively in an authentic activity from different perspective that enables them to generate meaning and solution through their shared understanding, while in Elaboration Theory of Instruction, this serves as their foundation in sequencing of ideas that may be developed a more specific and in analyzing of a specific program. Conceptual FrameworkThe basis for conceptualizing the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College which is proposed by the researchers is that it can help visualize the path that the aforementioned system would be heading to. The researchers used the paradigm shown below which consist of the inputs needed, the process that would take place, and the proposed output of the project. Fig. 1. 1 Schematic Diagram of the development of the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation CollegeSignificance of the Study The result of the study on the online room rental and reservation system is significant of the following: To the Institution The study will provide vital information regarding to their Library Management to identify problem relevant to the maintenance, disposal and/or acquisition of needed materials for their institution to make more efficient and effective in meeting customer needs. To the LibrarianThe librarian of the school library will be greatly benefitted with this Online library Management System because they will no longer need to manually process every transaction and the system automatically load the e-books online once the guest want to read the desired book. The librarian have to do is to input the title of the book, publisher, date of publish and upload the PDF format or Microsoft word format of the book an d it will be save to the servers database. To the Students/InstructorsThey will have a more convenient time in reading books and don’t have to come to the school library to borrow or read books instead they will just access the online library management of the said institution from the internet. To the Researchers The researchers are benefited in this study as well mainly for having to develop employability skills, implement a career plan, and hone each skills and participant in career pathway in preparation for the researchers’ career in the industry. To the Future ResearchersThis study can serve as reference to future researchers in conducting similar researches in the future. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The focus of the developer’s research is to know the current library management system of Asian Development Foundation College, discover easier ways to improvise the current system and develop a computerized version of it to lessen the burden of work o f both students/instructors and of the librarian’s. The proposed study is about the development of an Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College.The proposed system has the capability to upload, manage and view e-books online, secure the e-books and make sure that it can only be view and not downloaded by any unauthorized guest or client. A search index is also added for the users to easily track the available e-books online. With this system the librarian and the other personnel in-charge of the library will have a less stress in work and the clients or students can read e-books anywhere and don’t have to get into the school library to borrow or read books. Login account for different users will be created for database security purpose.The users that can access the system are the librarian, assistant librarian, instructors, working students in the library and students of the institution. The system will have a database that includes addin g of new e-books, modifying and deleting e-books. The system can able to upload e-books in PDF file or Microsoft Word format. The focus of the developer’s research is to know the current Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College discover easier ways to improve the current system and develop a computerized version of it to lessen the burden of work of both the employees and also the students.Definition of Terms For better understanding of the study, the following terms are operationally and conceptually defined. Administrator- Somebody whose job is to manage the affairs of a business, organization, or institution. 5 Book- Means a list compiled for some formal purpose, such as the details of an estate going to probate, or the contents of a house let furnished. 6 Computer- A high speed electronic machine which, performs logical calculation, process, Storage retrieves programmed information. 7Data – raw facts that needs to be processed. 8 Informatio n– Processed Data or is a  sequence  of  symbols  that can be interpreted as a  message. 9 Library- is an organized collection of  books, other printed materials, and in some cases special materials such as manuscripts,  films  and other sources of  information. 10 Librarian- Is a person in a  library who is responsible for the management of the books . 11 Library management – is a sub-discipline of  institutional management  that focuses on specific issues faced by libraries. 2 Management – is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and  objectives  using available resources efficiently and effectively. 13 Online – indicates a state of connectivity or often refers to the  Internet  or the  World-Wide Web. 14 System – is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole. 15 Software – is a collection of  computer programs  and related  data  that pro vides the instructions for telling a  computer  what to do and how to do it. 16 Theoretical – Dealing with theory or speculation rather than practical applications. 17Notes 1http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Abstract-For Online Library Management System/610544, June 26, 2012 2Ibid. 3Ibid. 4http://www. itcompany. com/forums/essays/Online Library Management System/775489, June 26, 2012 5http://www. wikipedia. com 6Ibid. 7Ibid. 8Ibid. 9Ibid. 10Ibid. 11Ibid. 12Ibid. 13Ibid. 14Ibid. 15Ibid. 16Ibid. Chapter II Review of Related Literature & Studies This chapter includes the purpose of the review of the related literature and studies. The chapter highlights literature and studies relevant to the development of the proposed system. Related Literature ForeignAccording to Irwin O’ Brien in his journal entitled â€Å"Writing in Production and Library Management System† manual information processing systems are simple and inexpensive if the organizational information req uirements are simple and the amount of data to be processed is limited. As information requirements become more complex and the volume of data increases, the speed, accuracy, reliability and economy of using computers for information processing becomes a necessity. It only takes seconds for a computer to perform millions of data processing functions that human being would take years to complete.In this context, all information provided for by the computer is timely. Also, computers can consistently and accurately process large volumes of data according to complex and repetitive processing procedures for a long period of time without failure. However, except for low volume tasks, electronic information processing is more economically justifiable than manual processing1. According to Davidson and Schneider clarified in their Expert System for Library Applications, that Expert systems need not be complex to function well.They further explained that what is good with simple programs is that they allow modifications to be made by subject areas, by simply changing the databases accessed by the program2. According to Godwin Udo in his journal entitled â€Å"Library Management† described that telecommunications technology as a critical organizational asset that can help a institution like school realize important competitive gains in the area of library management. It is little wonder that business experts commonly cite library management as a vital element that can spell the difference between success and failure in today's keenly competitive institutions. Local According to Wilhelma G. Borja, nowadays, computers are popular in the Philippine schools, Offices and homes. Computers make retrieval and searching of information easier and quicker. Needed information, which used to take weeks to get, can be retrieved in a matter of minutes. The author added that the computer aid researchers which, in turn, can help in upgrading the quality of basic education, boost the country’s science and technology education programs, and upgrade programs in vocational technical training. 4 In addition to this, Roman D.Asis said that â€Å"the manual library management system is simple and in expensive if data requirements are simple and the amounts of data to be processed are limited. As information requirements becomes more complex and the volume of data increases the speed, accuracy, reliability, and economy of using computers for library management system has become a necessity. In other words, the major limitations of manual library management system include its inability to handle large volume of work and its reliance to cumbersome and tedious method. 5 Eugenio F. BansalasofCentral Colleges of the Philippines, during the academic year 2008–2009, Library Director of the Central Colleges of the Philippines has expressed that it is difficult to find materials to help new public library managers cultivate their professional development. Mos t of the research and writings on library management have focused on academic libraries and only recently has there been more interest in the administration of public libraries.The skill and style of public library managers – the directors, branch managers, and department and service managers who are leading these institutions strongly affects the culture of a public library. Library staff looks to these managers to help them navigate through the rapid changes that are occurring in public libraries as these changes in technology, roles, and user expectations strongly alter their daily routines of public service.Contemporary library managers need a wider array of skills and attributes than their earlier and more traditionalcounterparts and will need to seek continual professional development to remain effective as public libraries transition into the twenty-first century. These managers will also need to distinguish between management andleadership skills and learn to identify and mentor leaders within their staff who can assist in the transition. 6 Related Studies ForeignAccording to Tereence Pratt which was cited unpublished undergraduate thesis by Reynaldo Ragrag, that the term computer suggest that its primary purpose is to perform mathematical calculations on to compute in the sense of the word; on the other mechanical aid to make difficult, tedious or dangerous task easier in a universal human. 7 According to Arthur W. Clark cited on the unpublished undergraduate thesis by Michael Sanchez, â€Å"the impact of new technology during the period of 1955 – 1975 saw the formation of new public library units and merge of cooperative type organization.In the mid 1970’s even more rapid changed has occurred in the areas of automation and computerization and this change is expected to accelerate in decades ahead. Library routines have been increasingly automated by computerized circulation system. †8 According to Johannes Gutenberg  "many library functions previously performed manually are now available for automated information storage and retrieval systems. For instance, staff can create their own records and databases.Information retrieval has taken on new dimension, and database searching has become an art within the profession. †9 Local â€Å"In exploration, we find new techniques, new knowledge, even develop new substances, gadgets, equipment, processes or procedures, imagination and skill is employed by the researcher. The commodities, new devices, services, in technology are needs of man for a better fuller life which is the concern of the research. These useful arts are the products of the technological environment and the end-user is society in general†.The excerpt was stated by Josefina Estolas in her dissertation. 10 Science and technologies are essential for national development and progress. The State shall give priority to research and development, invention, and their utilization, a nd to science and technology education since computer power was the critical resource, efficiency of processing became the main goal. Emphasis was placed on automating existing process such as manage and view e-books online, as cited by Jeffrey A. Hernale on the unpublished undergraduate thesis by Francisco D. Salvacion. 1 Libraries in the Philippines started in the late 16th and early 17th century by Spanish religious orders MuseoBiblioteca de Filipinas inaugurated on October 24, 1891 is the forerunner of the National Library of the Philippines March 9, 1990. American Circulating Library was established by the American Circulating Library Association headed by Mrs. Charles Greenleaf. Miss Nellie Young Egbert was the first Librarian of the American Circulating Library in the Philippines. The school of Library and Information studies of the University of the Philippines or UP-SLIS is the oldest library in the Philippines.Formally established in March 1961 as the Institute of Library Science, It can trace its roots to 1914, making it one of the first Library Schools in Asia. It is an independent degree-granting unit of the University of the Philippines Diliman, and offers program in the field of Library and Information Science. Every University Librarian, since the University Library was established in 1922 has grappled with four basic concerns: the book fund, staff development library services and Information Technology.Now, the UP Diliman has trial access to ebrary, an online database of 170,000 electronic books and other authoritative titles from more than 425 leading publishers and aggregators in various discipline. 12 Notes 1O’ Brien, Irwin, Pc Magazine (New York: USA, Feb 12, 1998)Vol. 10July 2, 2012 2Davidson and Schneider, Pc Magazine(New York: USA, Dec 10, 1998)Vol. 12 July 2, 2012 3Godwin Udo, Journal(Library Management) pg. 10-15 July 2, 2012 4Ibid. 5Ibid. 6Ibid. 7Tereence Pratt et, al. , â€Å"A Proposed Online Library Management System forAs ian Development Foundation College. † (Unpublished Undergraduate thesisAsian Development Foundation College, 2006) p. 35 July 2, 2012 8Ibid. 9Ibid. 10Josifina Estolaset. al, â€Å"Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College† (Unpublished Undergraduate thesis, Asian Development Foundation College,2006) p. 30July 2, 2012 11Ibid. 12Ibid. Chapter III Methods and Procedures This chapter contains the methods and procedures in preparation for and in developing the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College.This chapter includes the discussion of research design, research locale of the study, validation of the instruments, research instruments, respondents of the study, research procedures, statistical treatment of data, data gathering technique. Research Design The study used a descriptive survey method of research. A direct inquiry or a personal interview was the tool used in data gathering with a prepared questionnai re as guide, the researchers personally went and ask information about their library management in relation to the proposed Online Library Management System of their institution.It was utilized to get relevant information on the present manual system of the library management so that it could be improved, defining the element of the system quantitatively, describing the nature of the problems encountered in the present manual system and analyzing which best software could be developed to solve the problems cited by the respondents in the study. The researchers use this method because it is easy and more convenient to use in study. Research Locale of the Study The study was conducted in Asian Development Foundation College located at P.Burgos St. TaclobanCity. This was conducted during the firstsemester of the school year 2012-2013. History A young but notably growing institution, whose birth came into reality because of the conception and effort of a Filipino Chinese family residing in TaclobanCity. The institution serves student populace not only from Tacloban City but also from the entire region. Organized on October 24, 1984 well-timed for the birthday celebration of its President and founder, businessman Santiago Chua, the school began operations with pre-elementary courses.Pupils were then housed in the only two available classrooms. The following year, the institution introduces its elementary department, with a progressive grade level offering. Its first elementary graders were graduated in the year 1990. That same year, parents and supporters of its graduates and pupils manifested their recognition and esteem of the institution’s remarkable performance and clamored for the opening of secondary school.Based on their earnest and formal petition, permission to operate was granted by the department of education, culture and sports. Hence, the official establishment of Asian Development Foundation Secondary School in the school year 1990-1991. An unq uestionable special feature of such level was the inclusion of complete computer subjects in the curriculum, the very first in region VIII. The offering of undergraduate courses stated in 1994 through a permit to operate approved on April 27 of the same year.Degree courses which are now available include the following; Bachelor of Science in Computer Science, Bachelor of Science in Accountancy, Associate in Computer Science, Associate in Computer Secretarial, Associate in Commercial Science, Bachelor of Science in Commerce, Major in Banking and Finance, Economics, Management, Accounting Management, Entrepreneurial Management and Legal Management. The Asian Development Foundation continues to advance towards its impressive endeavor through the proficient administration of Chua Family with the support of serious involvement of other school officials.This is manifested by the construction of a new 5-storey building which now houses the Collegiate and Graduate school, in addition to the existing school compound in Bliss, Sagkahan in the ADF-extension at the corner of Salazar and Veteranos Street, all located in the city. Tracking back to its humble beginning, it can be gleaned that the Asian Development Foundation is thinking big as it makes headway towards the fulfillment of its mission as a competent learning institution. VisionAsian Development Foundation College as an educational institution dedicated to the development of able professionals, leaders, progressive, efficient and responsible citizens of the country and the world. Mission Asian Development Foundation College as directed towards the developments of its constituents through: 1. Academic excellence, research community service 2. Optimum access to dynamic intellectual, spiritual, moral, and cultural life, and; 3. Responsive and innovative pursuit for human growth. This is the geographical map of Asian Development Foundation College, the research location where the study was conducted.Fig. 3 Geographi cal Location of the Research Locale Respondents of the Study The direct respondents of the researchers gathered data about activities of the library are the librarian and her staffs. It is through them that the researchers were able to know the format of the library’s day-to-day work. Another group of respondents were the instructor and student from the different level of each department namely; Computer Science, Commerce & Accountancy, Liberal Arts and Computer Engineering. Research InstrumentsThe research instrument used in the study is a self–structured questionnaire: for the respondents at ADFC campus to gather their opinions about this proposed Online Library Management System for ADFC library. Validation of Instruments With the permission of the chairman of the Computer Science Department at Asian Development Foundation College, the researchers validated the questionnaires at Eastern Visayas State University. The researchers validated the questionnaires by lettin g the EVSU librarian answer the questionnaire. This procedure was necessary to determine which item on the questionnaire has to be revised or omitted.Research Procedure In order to get the necessary data for the research, the researchers interviewed the librarian of the ADFC campus and distributed the questionnaires to the student respondents of each department and retrieved the questionnaires after the respondents had answered all the questions being asked. The researchers had used three techniques that would really help a lot in developing the Library Management System. One of the techniques is through a format interview, in which the researchers asked the librarian of the library activities, problems and difficulties encountered.Second technique is through questionnaires, which was distributed to the respondents. The third technique is direct observation, in which the researchers observed the operation of the library activities. Statistical Treatment of Data Percentage Formula Th e formula used was: P=[pic]100 Weighted mean this was used to determine the respondent’s assessments in terms of contents and usefulness of the system. Weighted Mean Formula The qualitative description of the weighted mean was determined using the following scales: |Limits of Scale |Qualitative Description | |4. 0 – 5. 00 |Strongly Agree(SA) | |3. 40 – 4. 19 |Agree(A) | |2. 60 – 3. 39 |Neutral(N) | |1. 80 – 2. 59 |Disagree(D) | |1. 00 – 1. 79 |Strongly Disagree(SD) |Chapter IV Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation In this chapter, the interpretation and analysis of the data gathered from the respondents is being discussed. There are two tables provided to elaborate the explanation about the data gathered. The following is the table that shows the result in the percentage by using the formula: P =[pic]100 where P is the percentage, f is the frequency and n is the total number of respondents. It represents the problem that has been enc ountered by the students and likewise by the instructors.A total of 390 respondents participated in the survey, 6 from the employee and 384 from the customers. Table 1 Distribution of Responses on the Problems Encountered on the Current Manual Library Management System of ADFC |Problems Encountered |Respondent |Average |Rank | | |(384) | | | | |No. |% | | | |Slow processing of |197 |51. 30% |75. 5% |3 | |borrowing books | | | | | |Slow retrieval of books |249 |64. 85% |82. 43% |1 | |Redundancy of work in |235 |61. 20% |80. 6% |2 | |recording the status of | | | | | |books | | | | | |Bulky and unorganized |177 |46. % |73. 05% |4 | |files of the book | | | | | |records in the library | | | | | |Unsystematic procedures |78 |20. 31% |60. 16% |5 | |in recording files in | | | | | |the library | | | | |Table 1 show that certain problems do really exist in the current Manual Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College. Out of 390 respondents from both staff and studen ts, 197 of them answered Slow processing of borrowing books, 249 of them also said, Slow retrieval of books, 235 of them answered Redundancy of work in recording the status of books, 177 of them answered Bulky and unorganized files of the book records in the library, 78 of them answered Unsystematic procedures in recording files in the library. A total of 390 respondents participated from both students and instructors in the survey.The researcher used the System Development Life Cycle, because it is a common methodology for system in many organizations, featuring several phases that mark the progress of system analysis and design effort. The specific steps and their sequence are meant to be adapted as required in every project. System Development Life Cycle used in an organization is an orderly set of activities conducted and planned for each development project. In fact System Development Life Cycle is a traditional methodology used to develop, maintain, and replaced information sy stems. Fig. 4. 1 System Development Life CycleThe first phase of the System Development Life Cycle is Project Identification and Selection. This first phase is initializing that before anything, all information must be carried out for identifying and analyzing, its flow or the whole system work well. In this phase, the researchers identify what system to be proposed that will fit to the said establishment. The second phase is Project Initiation and Planning is explained and an argument for continuing with the project is presented; a detailed plan is also developed for conducting the remaining phrases of the System Development Life Cycle for the proposed system.This phase gives its presented data into a detailed form; here the planning of all operation has been done. In this second phase a detailed plan is developed by the researchers for conducting the remaining phases of the System Development Life Cycle for the proposed system. The third phase is Analysis in which current system i s studied and alternative replacement system is proposed. This phase has been utilized to analyze the proposed system is accurate for development or it needs more plans, and it needs critical study to generate initial design to match the said requirements.This phase the researchers analyzed the proposed system if it is accurate to develop and matching the requirements. The fourth phase is Logical Design in which all functional features of the system chosen for development in analysis are described independently in any computer platform. This phase indicated that the system can be tied to any hardware, and it is flexible to be implemented on any hardware and system software. In this phase the researchers decided what features to be added to the system to make it functional and flexible to any hardware and software.The fifth phase is Physical Design. This phase that all plan and structured system designed will convert in a specified programming language so that the designer of various parts of the system can perform its physical operation that is necessary to facilitate and capturing data. The fifth phase is where the researchers or specifically the system designer added the physical design of the system. The sixth phase is Implementation in which the information system is coded, tested, installed, and supported in the organization. This phase is to mplement the system specification will now come up into a working system; it will be tested and used. Documentation and program training is finalize during implementation. During this phase the researchers tested and installed the system properly and come up to a working system. The researchers finalized the program training and documentation. The final phase is Maintenance where in performance of efficiency and effectiveness is determined. This was the time consuming and effort devoted, just to maintain its capability of performance as desired; so when an error arises the team who made the project will do the change s.By using this cycle the sequence of the following phases can be easily understood, and error will be easily detected if there are any problems. For this cycle helps a lot in this job in a specified assignment. Table 2 Distribution of Responses of the Input Needed to Develop the New System |Inputs Needed |Employees (6) |Rank | | |No. |% | | |Book Title |6 |100% |4 | |Book Author |4 |66. % |9 | |Book Subject |6 |100% |4 | |Search by Title |6 |100% |4 | |Search by Author |6 |100% |4 | |Search by Subject |6 |100% |4 | |Book issued/Borrowed |5 |83. 3% |8 | |Availabilty of the book |6 |100% |4 | |Book Quantity |6 |100% |4 |Table 2 uses the percentage formula P =[pic]100. A total of 6 respondents from the employees participated in the survey. It represents the possible inputs needed by the respondents and the staff in the proposed system. It shows that all criteria given through the inputs are needed in the system. Table 3. 1 Assessment of the Respondents on the Usefulness of the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College |Usefulness of the System |Employee |Interpretation | |1.The system will reduce the burden | | | |of work of the staffs and management. |5. 0 |SA | |2. The system allows for a faster and | |SA | |more accurate data processing. |4. 75 | | |3. The Online Library Management | | | |System is more efficient than the |4. 7 |A | |manual system. | | | |4. The system is user friendly. |3. 84 |A | |Overall Weight Mean |4. 44 |SA | Table 3. 1 represents the usefulness of the newly proposed system in Asian Development Foundation College and based from the evaluation of respondents’ answers, two criteria were interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA). The system will reduce the burden of work of the staffs and management† got the highest rank with an average of mean of 5. 00; followed by the criterion â€Å"The system allows for a faster and more accurate data processing. † with an average mean of 4. 75. On the othe r hand, the two other criterions were interpreted as Agree (A). The criterion â€Å"The Online Library Management System is more efficient than the manual system† has an average mean of 4. 17 meanwhile the criterion. â€Å"The system is user friendly† gained an average mean of 3. 84. Table 3. 2Assessment of the Respondents on Content of the Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College |Content of the Computerized Sales and | | | |Inventory System |Employee |Interpretation | |1. The system contains the necessary | | | |information of the â€Å"Library management in | | | |ADFC, Tacloban City. |4. |A | |2. The system is easy to access. |4. 5 |SA | |3. The necessary information is well | | | |presented and organized. |5. 00 |SA | | | | | |Overall Weight Mean |4. 3 |SA | Table 3. 2 shows the result the results on the assessment of the respondents in relation to the content of the newly proposed system. And based from the table, the criterion â €Å"The necessary information is well presented and organized† has the highest remark which is 5. 00 and is interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA). Next to it is â€Å"The system is easy to access† which got an average mean of 4. 5 and interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA). Last in rank which only got an average mean of 4. is â€Å"The system contains the necessary information of the â€Å"Library Management† in Asian Development Foundation College, Tacloban City and is interpreted as Agree (A) by the respondents. Based from the overall weighted mean it is interpreted as Strongly Agree (SA) and got an average mean of 4. 53. CHAPTER V Technical Requirements This Chapter presents the requirements that would be needed to develop the system. These requirements are called technical requirements because these require a lot of skill and training to be able to come up with them. These requirements include.Project Rationale, Project Objectives, Project Description, Constraints of the System, Project Team Organization, Table of Activities, Activity Network, Gantt Chart, Pert Chart, Data Flow Diagram, System Flowchart, Input Process Output Chart, Program Flowchart, Training Plan, Test Plan, Security Plan, Maintenance Plan, Screen Design and Source Codes. Project Rationale It is been observed that the users and operators anticipate for future development, keeping in mind that technology is not a goal in itself but rather a means to an end of manual operations.At the library of Asian Development Foundation College, manual procedures were still observed, thus the team proposed to computerized the process making the purpose of reducing human errors to eventually increase the efficiency. The rationale behind this research focuses on the appropriate application that will help possibly in managing the library as well as giving appropriate answers to the questions needed in maintaining the data about books, borrowing and returning of books, and providing the stude nts a list of available of books in the library.Project Objectives The Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College’s main objective is to provide library functions and services to students or faculty members of the school. Another is to allow a faster and more accurate processing of data to reduce the librarian and her staff’s burden of work. Necessary book information must be presented well and organized to add user friendliness to its users. Access to the system must be easy but must not compromise the system’s security. Project DescriptionThe system was designed and developed primarily for maintaining records of books present in the library and its details. Book information are entered in Book inventory and students or faculty members who borrow or return books are entered in student and faculty registry together with their personal information. To grant access to a guest the system asks for information necessary for validation li ke Id number etc†¦ Books stored in the system can be viewed online. Search filter features are present to guide users on searching books.Information about the student or faculty members was also provided. Constraints of the System The Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College does not generate receipts after every transaction. Because of the library’s rules and regulations the system cannot do reservations, another is, students can only borrow one book at a time. Project Team Organization â€Å"Ego less Team Structure† The group decided to have an ego less team structure in order to build a fair and unbiased project making.They decided this in order that each member will participate or will develop their initiative for the project making all the members of the group were assigned as team leader, programmer, system analyst, encoder and researcher. Figure 5. 1 Team Organizational Structure Job Description System Analyst – The on e who responsible in analyzing the development of the system and suggest some improvements. Leader – The one who leads and organizes the group. Programmer – The one who is responsible in translating the system plan into program that can be understood and interpreted by the computer.Encoder – The one who is responsible for encoding any type of data into the computer, specially the data for the documentation of the study. Researcher – The one who is responsible in researching and collecting data needed in the research. Table of Activities Table 1 | | |Duration |Date |Date |Predecessor | |ID |Name |In Weeks |Started |Finished | | |A |System Planning |0. |06/19/12 |06/23/12 | | | |Selection of research topic |0. 1 |06/19/12 |06/20/12 | | |A1 | | | | | | | |Library research |0. |06/20/12 |06/23/12 |A | |A2 | | | | | | | |System Analysis |2. 1 |06/25/12 |07/10/12 | | |B | | | | | | | |Interview |0. |06/25/12 |06/27/12 |A2 | |B1 | | | | | | | |Documentation |1. 5 |06/28/12 |07/10/12 |B1 | |B2 | | | | | | | |System Design |3. |07/12/12 |08/06/12 | | |C | | | | | | | |Interface Design |2 |07/12/12 |07/26/12 |B1 | |C1 | | | | | | | |Database Design |1. |07/27/12 |08/06/12 |C1 | |C2 | | | | | | | |System Implementation |4. |08/07/12 |09/17/12 | | |D | | | | | | | |Program Coding |3 |08/07/12 |08/28/12 |B2, C2 | |D1 | | | | | | | |System Testing |0. 3 |08/29/12 |09/01/12 |D1 | |D2 | | | | | | |System Debugging |2. 2 |09/02/12 |09/18/12 |D2 | |D3 | | | | | | Time Estimation in Weeks Table 2 | |Time estimate in | | | | | | |ID |Weeks |ET |TE |TL |Slack |Critical | O | R | P |(O + 4R + P) 6 | | |Time |Path | | | | | | | | | | | | A1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0. 1 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | A2 | 0. 1 |0. 3 |0. 5 |0. 3 |0. 4 |0. 4 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | B1 | 0. 2 |0. 2 |0. 4 |0. 2 |0. 6 |0. 6 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | B2 | 1. 3 |1. 5 |1. 6 |1. 5 |2. 1 |2. 1 |0 | ( | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | C1 | 1. 5 |2 |2. 2 | 2 |2. 6 |3. 8 |1. 2 | x | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1. 5 |1. 3 |3. 9 |5. 1 |1. 2 | x | |C2 |1 |1. 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | D1 | 3 |3 |3. 1 |3 |5. 1 |5. |0 | | | | | | | | | | |( | | D2 | 0. 3 |0. 3 |0. 3 |0. 3 |5. 4 |5. 4 |0 |( | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |D3 |2 |2. 2 |2. 4 |2. 2 |7. 6 |7. 6 |0 |( | | | | | | | | | | | | Activity Network Gantt chart [pic] PERT Chart Data Flow Diagram Admin User System Flowchart [pic] Program Flowchart [pic] [pic] Training Plan The developers are willing to give ten hours of training to the system’s administrators or other users. Before the training starts the developers would need two computer sets (networked) with complete system requirements.For the first two hours the training would focus on the system’s installation procedures; the next two would cover server management and maintenance, the next two hours is for MySQL database management and the last four hours are for the system’s general operati ng procedures. Training will cover: 1. Installation of required hardware and software. 2. Server management and maintenance. 3. MySQL database management. 4. System’s general operating procedures Test PlanTesting is an element of verification denoting the determination of the properties and the characteristics of equipment or components by technical means, including functional operation, and application of established test principles and procedures. System testing is the stage of implementation, which aims at ensuring that the system works accurately and efficiently before actual operation commences. No program or system design is perfect, communication between the user and the designer is not always complete or clear. All this can result in errors. Security PlanThe system is accessed only by enrolled students and faculty members of Asian Development Foundation College. The system will be accessed through inputting the student’s Id number or faculty member’s nam e and password. Access to the system by guest without the said necessary inputs will be denied. To secure the system’s database, a corporate password shall be registered to the local host server. Maintenance Plan The team will conduct trainings to administrators regarding on the system’s database and server maintenance. They will keep in touch in case bugs or glitches are discovered.They will also provide a user’s manual to give administrators better understanding of the system’s functions. Screen Design Chapter VI Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations Summary of Findings Based on observations, the developers found out that the present Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College still maintains its functionality but with continuous data gathering and analysis they also found out that some obstructions are present. One is its accessibility, because the ADFC library is located at the fifth floor of the building and is exh austing going up and down.Time is also wasted when student’s scan books never knowing what they are looking for. These current problems were the developers’ focus to appraise and lead to development of the ADFC’s Online Library Management System. Conclusion From a proper analysis of the proposed Online Library Management System, it can be safely concluded that this application is working properly and meets the users’ requirements. The problems, which existed in the manual system, have been reduced to a large extent. The Online Library Management System will not only improve the efficiency but will also reduce stress thereby improving human functionality.Based from the findings, the researchers confidently conclude the following after a thorough analysis for the present system. 1. That the present manual system will be improved through the development of the Online Library Management System that will provide a faster, easier and more reliable way of inform ation retrieval. 2. That the proposed system will eliminate redundancy of work therefore lesser time will be wasted. 3. Students will now be convinced to visit the library because of the system’s improved accessibility. RecommendationsBased on the findings, and conclusions of the study, the researchers highly recommend the following: 1. Access to the system should be limited only for the administrators (librarian) and users (students/instructors) of ADFC to avoid tampering or unscrupulous act that will change the integrity of the records. 2. Because the library is located on the fifth floor of ADFC, it is advisable to install the OLMS on computers at the ground floor of the building especially on the computer laboratories. 3. Since the coverage of the proposed system is limited.It is advisable that similar studies should be conducted and expanded so that it could provide better and more reliable systems for the next generation of students. APPENDICES Appendix A Letter of Perm ission to Conduct a Study General Operating Procedures Log-in 1. Enter your Username. 2. Enter your Password. 3. Click the â€Å"LOGIN† button to enter OLMS. Book Management 1. Click the â€Å"View† button to view the book. 2. Click the â€Å"Edit† button to edit the book. 3. To view book management. 4. To view ebooks. 5. To register new accounts 6. To view logs. 7. To add new books. 8. To log-out the systemOnline Library 1. To download books. 2. To view books. 3. Type here to search books. Add books 1. Enter the book title. 2. Enter the book edition. 3. Enter book quantity. 4. Enter the book author. 5. Enter the book category. 6. Click â€Å"Add† button to add new category. 7. Click â€Å"Choose File† button to select what book to upload. 8. Save and Cancel button. [pic] ———————– Feedback Online Library Management System of Asian Development Foundation College OUTPUT ? Conducting Researches ? Interview ? Observation ? Questionnaires ? Analysis ? Designing ? Programming ? Debugging Testing PROCESS ? Problems encountered by the management ? Downloaded Materials ? Books ? Hardware and Software INPUTS Where: P=Percentage f =frequency n =no. of Respondents x =[pic] Where: x = WeightedMean † fx = sum of the product of Fr? fx = sum of the product of Frequency (f) And Weight (x) n = Number of respondents Project Identification And Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design Implementation Maintenance System Analyst Leader Programmer Researcher Encoder Legend: Critical( Non-Criticalx TL = 0. 6 TE = 0. 6 ET = 0. 2 B1 A2 A1 S TL = 0. TE = 0. 4 ET = 0. 3 TL = 0. 1 TE = 0. 1 ET = 0. 1 TL = 0 TE = 0 ET = 0 TL = 2. 1 TE = 2. 1 ET = 1. 5 B2 TL = 3. 8 TE = 2. 6 ET = 2 C1 TL = 5. 1 TE = 5. 1 ET = 3 C2 D1 TL = 5. 1 TE = 3. 9 ET = 1. 3 TL = 5. 4 TE = 5. 4 ET = 0. 3 D2 TL = 7. 6 TE = 7. 6 ET = 2. 2 TL = 7. 6 TE = 7. 6 ET = 0 F D3 Legend Critical P ath Non Critical Path Legend: Critical path Non Critical path System Planning A 0. 4 06/19/12 06/20/12 Library Research A2 0. 3 06/20/12 06/23/12 Interview B1 0. 2 06/25/12 06/27/12 Documentation B2 1. 5 06/28/12 07/10/12 Selection of Research Topic A1 0. 1 06/19/12 06/20/12System Analysis B 2. 1 06/25/12 07/10/12 System Design C 3. 4 07/12/12 08/06/12 Interface Design C1 2 07/12/12 07/26/12 Database Design C2 1. 3 07/27/12 08/06/12 System Implementation D 4. 3 08/07/12 09/17/12 Program Coding D1 3 08/07/12 08/28/12 System Testing D2 0. 3 08/29/12 09/01/12 Activity Name Activity ID Start Finished Duration System Debugging D3 2. 2 09/02/12 09/18/12 LEGEND Non Critical Path Critical Path 1. 1 Verify Username & Password Level 1 Log-in Admin 1. 3 Open System Admin 1. 2Security Database Level 2 2. 2 Select Book 2. 4Database 2. 3 Check Book 2. 1 Search AdminLevel 3 OK 3. 3 Validate 3. 2 Save? 3. 1 Add Book Admin Admin 3. 4 Save 3. 5Database Level 4 4. 4 Edit? 4. 2 Validate 4. 5 Update Adm in 4. 1 Select 4. 6Database 4. 3Database Admin Admin Level 5 5. 4 Delete? 5. 2 Validate 5. 1 Select 5. 5 Delete 5. 6Database 5. 3Database Admin 1. 2Database Level 1 Log-in 1. 1 Verify Username & Password User User 1. 3 Open System 2. 2 Select Book 2. 1 Search 2. 4Database 2. 3 Open Book Level 2 User Logo Online Library Management System of ADFC eBook Management Library Management List of books Filter Logout 2 1 3 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 4 1 2 3 6 8 5 7