Discussion Question on country competitiveness

Country competitiveness Is determined by a multitude of factors that ‘measures and compares the effectiveness of countries In providing firms with an environment that sustains the domestic and International competitiveness of those firms' (Sheehan & Lou: Chi. 5, p. 130). How a countries excel In bringing firms to contribute to the country competitiveness is the result of many factor that are evaluated yearly by the Forum in order to rank almost every country. The report is called Global Competitiveness Index, although it offers over 500 pages; the content is laid out in an orderly fashion and easy to follow.Let's have a look at how these factors/ determinants influence over FAD strategy. Country-Level, Industry-Level, Firm-Level, Individual-Level Factor-driven economies (Institutions, Infrastructure, Macroeconomic environment, Health and primary education) The level of competitiveness contributing to the country success can be well due to Its Institutional competitiveness; the competitive advantages that firms create In result of their operation wealth a specific circle of institutions is the driving capability to succeed in a socioeconomic context.Foreign firms will likely invest more where they know there is a good management of legal, lattice and economic institutions to protect their rights and property. Mature infrastructures facilitate connectivity, thus lessening the distance between territories. Strong network infrastructures interconnected with national market encourage economic development. Transport, communication and telecommunication infrastructure system is what allow entrepreneurs to do their business, quick stream of information increases global economic productivity by allowing businesses to interact and make decisions.Macroeconomic factor alone, even though stable does not Increase the country's competitiveness but a macroeconomic disorder can actively affect the economy. Workers need to be able to rely on good health services to avoid u nnecessary absenteeism. Good health has proven to enable workers to better function. Also, workers who are educated increase their efficiencies at work but are limited to more manual jobs than one where a more elaborate process is involved.Thus, a lack of basic education can also limit the growth off firm's capacity to develop. (Sheehan & Lou, up. 139) Mentioned that countries cannot be competitive on every level. Some of the week area can be mitigated through trade agreement. Paraguay is a known to experience frequent power shortages at peek hour. That may cause a MEN to choose to locate in another country if their productions demand usage of electricity.Efficiency-driven economies (Higher education and training, Goods market efficiency, Labor market efficiency, Financial market development, Technological readiness, Market size) Well-educated and continuous training is fundamental to firm who want attractive for a firm that evolves in the market technology and is always on a learni ng path to react and adapt to the fast pace IT progresses. To be better positioned in the racket, government with a well balanced set of market rules that does not restrict business productivity, but instead encourages foreign MEN to locate in the country.Per instance, restringing rules and heavy administrative paperwork causes delay that can result in missing out opportunities. In finance, there are always uncertainties, but putting all these factors together can provide a fair level of competitiveness. Not mentioned here though is the impediment of the financial economy when dealing with tax rate, interest rate, deficit and public debt in general also depend on how government manages its public accounts. An example would be a decrease in the FAD inflow in the U.S last year compared to the previous ones. Many factors that caused this decreased percentage of foreign investment are explained by Jackson,J. K. (2013) in a report prepared for committee member of Congress. Innovation-dri ven (Business sophistication, Innovation) In order to succeed in that factor, support from private and public sector is essential. For example, program subvention in R& D is often what create a breakthrough in many sectors. Developing countries don't often have the knowledge and the people like scientist to run that program.

First World War Essay

I have focussed my monologue on the character of Sheila Birling. Her role in the play was significant as it is coming from the point of view of a young, upper class woman. Her naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve views represent her role as an authoritative figure in society who has the ability to help Eva Smith, but her selfishness and her egotistic manner contradicts the main theme running through out the play of An Inspector Calls that one person’s actions impact another’s and we all have a duty in helping people lower in the system. JB Priestley wrote the play in 1942 about a retrospective time just before the First World War. Sheila’s main role in the play was that she was able and had the power to get Eva sacked because of her position in society, whereas Eva, who was of a lower class than Sheila, was not able to stand up for herself because she did not have enough power. Sheila abuses her superior position in society for petty reasons of that Eva is prettier than her.  I chose to write about her, as she is a very expendable character who has no firm reason or purpose in firing Eva Smith. When the inspector questions Sheila about the photo Sheila says ‘You Knew it was me all the time, didn’t you?’ By saying this Sheila opens herself up (explain) and seems to accept responsibility for her actions and is showing this to the inspector, rather than trying to cover the truth up with lies, or try to pass on the blame to others as some characters in the play do. Her character I think is important in the play, as I believe that Priestly was trying to demonstrate later on in the play that the youth could change. The setting of my monologue of Sheila alone and isolated symbolises her distance from what she was once in the play. The year now being 1916, four years down the line, she has turned her back on the aristocratic life and is trying to dissolve into an unprivileged life.  Her clothes are the colour of green and brown that shake off her previous character of wealth and affluence as to her new attempted classless status. Sheila has disconnected herself from the Birlings and perhaps is trying to punish herself by living the life that the Eva Smith once led. Sheila’s job now includes working at homeless shelters and working for charities. Her language has become less energetic and fluent than it once was. I have however tried to include some of the phrases from the play ‘it was a mean thing to do’ I tried to make use of punctuation and grammar to create her feelings and emotions. In the monologue I have use ellipsis to show pauses, when she might be thinking or reflecting on painful memories. Exclamation marks are used to get her point across that she is getting agitated and snappy To the audience, I was trying to convey the ideas of Sheila being a changed woman. That she has come to realise that status and power isn’t everything. She can look past this now and look forward to a happy future with her new baby and Gerald, her husband.  I think the Play writer’s view on Sheila and all the characters from the play was that the younger generation can learn from their mistakes, and he directs strong criticism towards businessmen who are only interesting in making money and will never lean from their mistakes. Sheila’s the second person to be questioned by the Inspector and her response to Eva’s death is the most caring and heartfelt. She is genuinely upset by the death of Eva. The play is set in 1912. The periods between 1910 and 1945 were a great period of social change. In 1912 was the year that the titanic set sail, the year that the Suffragette movement started campaigning for women’s rights in society. The war being a main factor, affecting society greatly and it began the process of merging class boundaries. The upper class young men were sent to the front line as officers and where many of the great landed families of Edwardian Great Britain began to disappear. My overall intention with this monologue was to understand the significant character of the young, impressionable Sheila Birling and how she is central to the key themes in the play and how the Inspector plays the social conscience on all the characters minds.  By the close of the play, Sheila has come to realise that herself and her family have lied to each other, and also to the Inspector. She begins to see her whole life was a lie, the relationship she had with Gerald and lying to herself. She begins to see that she needs to start her life again with truth, starting with correcting her mistakes.

Improvement of American Labor

Beginning in 1866 until the present time many labor leaders have initiated many effective and important labor laws. Throughout the past one hundred plus years there have been many steps forward in the labor movement along with a few major steps back. The actions of these labor leaders and the accomplishments of the acts that they have helped to pass have paved the way for the American worker in today's society. One of the labor laws that had an impact was the Taft-Hartley Act. The Taft-Hartley act formerly called the Labor-management Relations Act was passed in 1947. Its founders were Senator Robert A. Taft and Representative Fred A. Hartley. This act helped in collective bargaining along with allowing workers the right to defer from joining a union. This act required unions to give notification of a strike sixty days before it was to occur. It also outlawed specific union practices that were unfair and required that union officers must deny any Communist affiliations while under oath. Another of the labor acts that contributed to the labor movement was the National Labor Relations Act. It was passed by Congress in 1935. It has been called the Magna Carta of American labor. The National Labor Relations Act guaranteed workers the right to join unions without fear of being punished by management. In order to enforce this law the National Labor Relations Board was formed. This act prevented employers from committing unfair labor practices that would make the worker be afraid to organize a union or sign a union contract. Yet another labor law was the Davis-Bacon Act of 1931. Created by Congressman Robert Bacon and Senator James Davis, this act was mainly established to grant stability to the construction industry. The bid requirements on public projects were low and this allowed outside contractors to obtain work on substandard wages. This also caused contractors to look past the high paid local workers to the lower paid workers from around the country. Davis and Bacon felt it was wrong for workers from other areas to be herded together to work for lower wages than the standard in that state. An important labor leader in the early labor movement was Francis Perkins. Francis Perkins devoted much of her life to the improvement of the American Worker. While going to school at Mt. Holyoke College, Perkins gained an interest in social reform. This interest grew when she joined the National Consumer League, which had a goal to improve labor conditions through consumer pressure. In 1928, New York governor Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Perkins as the head of the state labor department. Four years later, when Roosevelt was elected to the presidency, Perkins was asked to be his secretary of labor. Perkins played a major role in Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression. She also was an advocate of social security, wage and hour regulation, and the abolition of child labor. Eugene V. Debs was another famous labor leader. Debs made the first major attempt to form a labor union for both skilled and unskilled workers of a specific industry. This attempt was the American Railway Union. Debs also played a major role in the Pullman Strike in 1894. He asked for arbitration and when Pullman refused to negotiate Debs and the American Railway Union began boycotting Pullman train. Later in the Pullman strike Deb was arrested. While in prison Debs realized his true calling. He became a spokesperson for the Socialists Party of America and ran for president five times. Surprisingly, in 1912, he won 900,000 votes. A famous quote of Deb's was, â€Å"I say now, that while there is a lower class, I am in it; while there is a criminal element, I am of it; while there is a soul in prison, I am not free.† A significant strike of the past was the aforementioned Pullman Strike. The Pullman strike began during the Panic of 1893. The Pullman Company laid off three thousand of its fifty-eight hundred employees. The Pullman workers all lived in houses owned by the Pullman Company and had to pay rent. The remaining employees had their wages cut twenty-five to thirty percent and the housing prices remained the same. After paying the rent on their homes, their paychecks dwindled down to almost nothing. Later, after the depression, two thousand Pullman workers were hired. Again, the Pullman Company did not restore wages of compensate with lower housing rates. In the spring of 1894, the outraged workers called for a strike. The strike was one of peace, that is until Pullman hired strikebreakers. This brought on a violent end to the strike. In conclusion, Pullman fired most of the strikers and named more to a blacklist. The Homestead strike occurred in 1892. It began when workers from the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers struck the Carnegie Steel Company's Homestead plant in order to protest a cut in wages. The company's general manager, Henry C. Frick, was determined to break the union. He hired strikebreakers and then hired three hundred detectives to protect the plant and the strikebreakers. After an armed battle between the detectives and workers, three detectives and six workers were dead. The strike ended on November 20th after the plant reopened and nonunion workers remained on the job. This strike caused a weakening effect on the unions of the steel industry that would take forty years to repair. A more recent labor issue was the United Parcel Service's strike in 1997. The central issues of this strike were part-time work, pensions, and subcontracting. The union claimed that many part-time workers work full time hours without getting paid the full time rates, which are almost twice that of the part-time. The union also wanted an increase in contributions to its pension and health funds. The union would not budge on this issue and UPS met their demands. The last aspect of the strike was subcontracting. The union claimed that a loophole in their contracts was allowing more than the one percent limit of the business to go to subcontractors. There are many opinions on whether or not the strike was a victory for the union but at the end the workers were back on the job. The Haymarket Affair, sometimes called the Haymarket Riot, began on the night of May 4, 1886, as a form of protest after the killing of a striker by police on the previous day. On this night 1,200 protesters met at Chicago's Haymarket Square where police opposed them. Chaos ensued as someone threw a bomb into the police line. Eight men, three speakers and five other radicals, were charged with starting a riot. Four were hanged while one committed suicide in prison. After the Haymarket Affair, the public began to shy away from the labor movement. In July of 1877 the Strike of 1877 became a turning point in labor history. A worker's strike at the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began in order to protest the second cut of wages in just a few months. This strike would lead to strikes from every railroad east of the Mississippi and then later would spread to western railroads. Fifty thousand miles of railroad were halted for more than a week. This caused riots in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Chicago, St. Louis, and San Francisco. After President Rutherford B. Hayes sent troops in to break up the strike, the strikers began to retreat. On August 6th, the strike was over and railroads were up and going again. The case of Muller vs. Oregon is a famous Supreme Court labor case. The focal points of this case were the Fourteenth Amendment versus the Tenth Amendment. In these times in Oregon it was illegal for a woman to work for more than ten hours in a factory or laundry. In 1905, a suit was filed against Curt Muller for making Mrs. E. Gotcher work more than ten hours. After being found guilty, Muller took his case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court would later rule against him. Another Supreme Court issue of the labor movement was the Munn v. Illinois case. Munn, a partner in a Chicago warehouse firm, had been found guilty by an Illinois court of violating the state laws providing for the fixing of maximum charges for storage of grain. He appealed, contending that the fixing of maximum rates constituted a taking of property without due process of law. The Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws, establishing as constitutional the principle of public regulation of private businesses involved in serving the public interest. Since 1866 the labor unions have been involved in many more strikes and there have been new labor leaders who have been involved in controversial court cases in order to make sure that workers are treated fairly. Throughout the history of the United States labor has changed greatly and it will continue to change in the future.

The Current Method of Cleaning and Sterilization Essay

The Current Method of Cleaning and Sterilization - Essay Example It is required to enhance the level of patient care and the health of the health care providers. WHO provide the guide lines on the development of these policies (Who.int, 2014). These guidelines provide complete information to the health care providers in the prevention and control of the infections that can be transmitted from one person to the other. These guidelines are generic in nature and they can be utilized by any country depending upon its individual needs. Â  (Jpma.org.pk, 2014) studied the role of infectious diseases in Pakistan and worked on the inexpensive improvements that can be made. The article put emphasis on the need for the development of surveillance system for infections and antibiotics which can provide bases to the establishment of further polices. The article also put attention towards introducing the culture of accountability in health care settings which can provide sound basis for the future. (Infectioncontroltoday.com, 2013) explains that for controllin g the spread of infections one require proper evaluation, analysis and removal of risk factors that contribute towards the transmission of the disease. When the major cause of the disease is the infectious organism then, prevention is far better than medicine and it could be as simple as washing your hands. The use of disposable instruments and the sterilization techniques depends on the type of instrument being utilized. The use of sterilization techniques can be economical in certain cases and simultaneously these could be the source of infectious diseases. (Sides Media, 2014) explains that infections and toxicity which arises after any ophthalmic procedure can lead to the wastage of a surgeon’s finest work and also can put the patient’s vision at risk. So it is the duty of the medical professional to make sure that surgery is performed with sterile instruments. Â  (Mddionline.com, 2014)

Are Families Dangerous Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Are Families Dangerous - Literature review Example Despite the article being chilling to read and despite the incidents along with the evidence lending a shade of authenticity and truth to the point, I fail to relate to or adopt her point of view. In my opinion, just because a dysfunctional family’s meanderings catch the attention of the media does not necessarily mean that there is an automatic disintegration of family units everywhere. Simply put, not all families are dysfunctional. Not every single family is a â€Å"nest of pathology and a cradle of gruesome violence† (Ehrenreich 37) as she writes in the opening paragraphs of the article. In the following paragraph, she attributes a family to be a â€Å"safe haven in a heartless world† (Ehrenreich 37) appearing to change her stance by saying that the family â€Å"nurtures warm, loving feelings, uncontaminated by greed or power hunger† (Ehrenreich 37). That she does not agree with the statements is given away by the fact that she makes use of the words à ¢â‚¬Å"theoretically and sometimes actually† before stating them. ... outcomes and bruised egos and broken personalities being the least, she does present a very strong case against a unit that everyone from celebrities to politicians, to the common man are in favor of. She does, however, miss the fundamental point that one cannot generalize or stereotype on the bases of individual incidents. What happens in one family does not reflect badly on another. One bad deed by one person (or in this case, some bad deeds committed by some people) does not condemn the whole human race. Just like it is wrong for a person to assert that all humanity is bent upon murdering, by pointing out to the killings and murders that are a part of our societal lives, similarly, her logic in this regard is flawed. Ehrenreich states that for a woman, home â€Å"is, statistically speaking, the most dangerous place to be† (Ehrenreich 37) and that an individual is in more danger with relatives than with strangers. She once again uses child abuse as a supporting point in her argument. Once again, she misses seeing the point that for every individual who has been exposed to such torment, there are hundreds out there who have not and are safe and loved in their homes. Yes, according to her, we do â€Å"learn nasty things like hate and rage and shame† (Ehrenreich 37) from family. But also, in her own preceding words in the same paragraph, the â€Å"family teaches the finest things human beings can learn from one another – generosity and love† (Ehrenreich 37). And this is the side of the argument I would rather stick to. We do, indeed learn a lot of good things from our family and are often indebted to them for instilling in us the moral compass that we carry around, figuratively, with us.  

Free Narrative Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Free Narrative Writing - Essay Example He compared it to having a daughter. A son who does not breastfeed would cry for milk again and again. Your large cans of formula milk would vanish faster than you can buy it. They computed that his wife was better off breastfeeding than taking a part-time job. So she did not work anymore. She was not that happy though, his friend said. His face tightened a little. She liked having her own money, you know. Having that time to be away. They had six kids. She was pregnant almost every year. When Aamir went home, Adeela was waiting by the door. She already received her husband's text message that he would be coming home. She waited patiently and read Aamir's face who entered the door with sweat in his brow. His face was darker than the clouds outside. He did not get the job again. Adeela patted her husband's shoulder. â€Å"Did you have dinner already?† â€Å"No, I did not.† â€Å"I cooked Biryani.† â€Å"Vegetables?† â€Å"I added some fish.† He went to the table and looked at the dish. He could see a pinch of fish. He wondered how it would be to be a fish. His wife would be having hundreds of twins maybe. â€Å"You go ahead and eat. This can last until the morning,† he told his wife. He went into the kitchen and opened the half-full carton of milk. He drank half a glass and went to bed. Adeela ate silently. Aamir turned on his phone's radio and listened to classical music. His mother used to play that to him when they were little. She played the violin before too, before the car accident. Then everything went downhill from there. Their father became a drunkard. They lost their carpet business to booze and cards. Aamir slept and snored noisily. Adeela just washed the dishes and lied beside her husband. She felt her twins kick hard inside her. She looked out the window. It was 10 PM and her husband said he'd be home by 8 PM. Two hours. Where did he go? Two hours ago Aamir walked mindlessly in the dark park. His hands were sunk deep into his pant's pockets. It was cold and it bit him. But he felt nothing. He had been trying to have a job for the past two months now. He wished for a laptop. It would have been nice to try writing again. He heard someone talking about writing online and making good money. He needed that. Good money. It would be nice to stay at home too. He could look after his wife and kids. He noticed two white teenagers had been following him. He thought they couldn't steal anything from him. But if they killed him, that wouldn't be good. His wife would be helpless without him. Aamir decided to walk faster and left the park's darker paths. The snores made her stay awake for a good part of the night. Adeela didn't mind. She slept soundly the whole day, while her husband looked for a job. She went over the classified ads herself. She found two or three jobs that she could apply for. Part-time jobs. But Aamir did not want to hear about it. She wished she was the man instead. The clock tic ked longer when it was morning. Adeela received a phone call from her mother, who checked everyday if she was okay. Her mother called twice a day. Sometimes thrice. Or four times. She always hanged up after knowing that Aamir haven't found any job yet. Her mother suggested, â€Å"Why don't you come here? You can stay and save rent. Food. He could work at the laundry business.† â€Å"No Mama. He wouldn't like that.† â€Å"You married a proud man. You cannot use ego to buy food and milk. I have to go now.† Adeela could hear it. The breaking sound of her mother's voice who wanted

How to Invest $1,000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to Invest $1,000 - Essay Example This change may be an increase or decrease. If it increases, it may exceed the amount of EMV. However, if the probabilities are not 50/50, for instance 40/60 or 60/40, the EMV changes. Therefore to summarize the analysis, there are two variables which may affect Jim's decision to move. These include the probabilities of the chance of getting a higher paying job and the chance of leading to a lower paying job and the current salary (Jones, 1999). Jim's decision theoretically depends on the amount of EMV compared to his current salary. Judging upon the changes in the variables which may take effect, both the options of staying in his current job and moving may be a good alternative. If the expected value or EMV of the option of moving is greater than his current salary, then it would probably best for Jim to take the risk and move. In the contrary, if the EMV of moving is less than his current salary, then the option of staying in his current job would be better. Still, his decision must involve a comprehensive analysis of the probabilities of getting a higher or a lower paying job.

Reflection - 21st century skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection - 21st century skills - Essay Example Students are encouraged to learn by doing, which increases their global skills highly needed in the 21st century. The portal also focuses on leadership, and collaboration between teachers and students. However, teachers seem to be focusing more on the digital recording of the grades rather than on the core content of the subjects. The portal system is not appropriate for early year students, since they cannot use the digital technology properly. The teachers of early year students still need to come face-to-face with the parents to communicate effectively. Also, the system seems to be discouraging the traditional way of teaching subjects. Students will slowly forget the conventional classroom environment. Hence, besides promoting global skills, the core content also needs to be focused upon. Students must also learn how to communicate in person while being good at

Compare and contrast the positions of one or more neo-Marxist or Essay

Compare and contrast the positions of one or more neo-Marxist or post-Marxist theorists of ideology with those of the classical Marxist tradition - Essay Example It is reasonable to assume that public sentiment and government economic policies (usually informed by contemporary economists noted above) are pulling in opposite directions. And the tensions created by these opposing tendencies are already giving rise to widespread social unrest, as shown by the emergence of the global solidarity movement and the World Social Forum. (Frankel,1997, p.58) In this context, it makes for an interesting exercise to understand contemporary interpretations, revisions and adaptations of Marxism, which have come to be termed variously as neo-Marxism and post-Marxism. Some of the leading figures in the neo-Marxist movement are Georg Lukacs, Antonio Gramsci, Max Weber, Karl Korsch and others. To a lesser extent French existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and Frankfurt School founders Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno contributed to the broader understanding of traditional Marxist theories. One of the driving forces for neo-Marxist and post-Marxist thought is the perceived inadequacies of conventional Marxist ideology in explaining and providing solutions to common politico-economic problems. For example, in the century and a half that has passed since Marxs original theoretical formulation, only a few violence-ridden revolutions have taken place – a fact that belies Marxs prophecies on communist revolutions. The establishment of socialist regimes at the end of such revolutions too have not lasted for long (barring the case of China). Even politically overhauling events such as the two world wars have not spurred the implementation of communist ideology in a meaningful manner. While the erstwhile Soviet Union was nominally a communist state, in reality it was a brutal dictatorship not hesitant to crack the whip on its own masses. In the case of China, which is considered the last bastion for Marxist

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supply chain management - Essay Example Many managers of the supply chain are now coming to the realization that the traditional approaches are not sufficient in keeping up with the changes. These traditional approaches do not give the incentives or even means to make continuous changes that are necessary to remain competitive. In order for them to stay in business, the managers of the supply chain need to act, as well as think, differently with the changes that they are required to institute being profound. What makes a difference between leaders and â€Å"laggers† is the ability to give services and products in a sustainable and consistent way that are reflective of higher agility, higher transportation speed, lower prices, and higher quality (Wisner et al, 22). Some of the concepts that would be proposed in the pursuit of achievement of the goals are environmental sustainability, quality practices and better designs, and lean manufacturing. These concepts need to be assessed and their adoption facilitated in New Zealand. In recent times, New Zealand has seen a significant increase in awareness, generally, of strategies of quality improvement, supplier integration, and lean manufacturing. ... It is, therefore, vital that all producers comprehend good agricultural practice and their supply chain (The Agri-chain Center 1). The supply chain also consists of quality assurance where freshly produced goods have quality assurance services that are inclusive of product assessments with basis on sound knowledge of the product, as well as a thorough comprehension of plant pathology after harvesting. The consumer is the next link in the supply chain; they have an increased awareness in relation to quality and safety of the products. The organization must ensure that they meet the demands through a conduction of consumer and climate survey (The Agri-chain Center 1). Product safety solutions are yet another link in the supply chain management. The organizations offer a wide array of product-safety training, as well as support options that adhere to the necessities of consumers and the regulatory institutions (The Agri-chain Center 1). In the transportation of products internationally, organizations also require that imported goods on the high seas to the consumer comply with bio-security requirements of the Ministry for Primary Industries. These organizations now have at their disposal an array of services that ensure they achieve compliance with the Ministry of primary Industries. Finally, there is training for most organizations in areas of quality and safety of products, as well as bio-safety (The Agri-chain Center 1). Over the last fifteen years, most organizations in New Zealand are now making genuine improvements as they move to customer focused and quality based strategies of supply chain management away from strategies and tactics based on cost (Wisner et al, 32). There are also significant increases in the awareness, generally, on strategies of

Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, LTD Research Paper

Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, LTD - Research Paper Example The entrepreneur is described to be a risk taker, but also with ability to turn the impossible into business opportunities. More on his mass investment in entertainment, transport, telephone services, and financial sector is elaborated. He also demonstrates his leadership skills, while dealing with his employees, customers, society, and his different businesses by close association, partnerships, and participation. Keywords: Business, Enterprise, Entrepreneur, Leadership Skills, Ideas, Motivation, Investment, Opportunities, Evolution, Virgin Atlantic Airlines, Virgin Mobile, Music Label, Employees, Global Warming Introduction The ability to be a successful individual in society is viewed differently according to individuals, or a collective perception of people. Today everyone associates success with education, learning and gathering information, but opposing, excelling and living a satisfactory life needs the basics of wisdom, understanding and hard work, if not working smart. Sir R ichard Branson’s history exists to confirm this. People tend to strain in life, as they force themselves in situations where they do not fit; it is not really the sharpness of a student in class that determines his or her future. The idea is that, ‘people are totally different, with diverse abilities and interests’. ... He possesses the qualities of a great leader, which most businesses in the world lack, leading to their failure. Interest, Idea and Ambition in Business Different nations have various ways to nurture the young population in paths of their careers. At least academicians are now concentrating on this, unlike in the past where education was so generalized. Branson’s venture into business occurred in his childhood, at the age of 15 years, he began producing and selling magazines in his school, before dropping out at 17 years of age to fully participate in his business (Mills et al., 2007, p. 485). His entrepreneurial skills outweighed the impact of education in his life, but on the bright side he began nurturing his career early in life. He turned the business idea into a fact, hence bringing an impact into the market through his innovation and creativity. According to Schmidt and Ludlow, â€Å"Starting a magazine for young people, Student, he already had the idea that the concep t could cover many other products and services for young people: a student travel service, perhaps a bank† (2002, p. 130). His business venture in school was strategic, not that other individuals could not come up with another proposal, but because he took advantage of the market niche, combined with his wisdom and tactics to flourish at young age. Earlier on, he seemed to struggle with his studies especially with the rigid school rules, which most students also have to tolerate in the education systems. Convinced on his entrepreneurial step, he only got to begin with 4 dollars as his capital, with Jonny James as the only supporter, before his head teacher finally accepted his successful progress (â€Å"The success story,† 2008). His venture in business was humble,

World Music Industry †A Background Essay Example for Free

World Music Industry – A Background Essay There are three major segments in the world music industry; the industry that deals in the recorded music, the industry that is involved in the broadcasting of the already recorded music and the industry that attends to live performances. There are other less significant segments which are concerned with the broadcast rights for live performances and so on. Revenue is generated at each of these stages of the value chain. The earning of the revenue starts with a composer and lyricist with a song written and composed. In some cases the lyricist will sell the music on his own or he may decide to sell the rights may be transferred to another party. Then the song is played by the performers and at this point the revenues start flowing from two different directions – one from the performance recorded in a studio and the other from the live performances. In this process there are certain costs incurred which makes the presence of the companies specialized in the recording business as a prerequisite for channelizing the music performed. These costs include: Cost of rent for studio time and recording equipments Professional service charges payable for the sound engineers, technicians and operators Cost of transferring the recordings to tapes or compact discs and Cost of distributing the music as saleable commodities Since these costs are very high it is not possible to complete the value chain without the participation of these high profile companies. Usually these recording companies sign a contract with the performers. Under the contract the performer agrees to produce a certain number of recordings. The performer also agrees to take part in the promotion of the music product and is also under an obligation not to take part in recordings with other companies during the contract period. The record company undertakes to incur the cost of â€Å"producing, duplicating, packaging, distributing and marketing† of the products. The record companies distribute the products to the retailers who further sells to the consumers. In this value chain the authorized listeners who purchase the music product by paying the specified charges as remuneration to the copyright holders share their copy of the product with other listeners who do not make any payment for listening to the music. Traditionally the occasions on which the copying of the music was done were less which was in an informal way by making illegal tapes to share with friends and relatives. In this case there will be no earnings for any party in the value chain including for the â€Å"publishers, performers, recording companies and retailers†. There may not be any revenue arising for the person who has purchased the product legally and this depends on whether he charges for the copies he makes for the use of his friends. With the rapid changed in technology, the traditional market for the music was changing its dependence from cassettes, LPs, singles, compact discs, mini discs, MP3 and DVDs. These changes in the selling media have acted as strong barriers to the new entrants in to the market due to the reasons like: The international distribution network had proved very capital intensive involving huge investments. Despite the large investments, there was always the risk that the network must suit to the sudden changes in the customers’ demand. This often necessitated the trading off of international rights to music to international distribution as a measure to avoid the risk of change in preferences. (Kretschmer et al. , 1999). There were large costs associated with the marketing of the music worldwide. Firms had to incur marketing expenditure running in to millions of dollars in this respect. This is evident from the fact that releasing chart-bound albums have resulted in huge marketing costs in the national markets of UK and Germany. The composition of the products is so vulnerable that sometimes as low as 10 percent of the music products would account for almost 90 percent of the turnover and nobody could really assess the reasons for the success of certain products. (Caves, 2000) The competition from large players from other industries like consumer electronics, television and other media, entertainment and telecommunication industries using latest technologies of digital and networking also act as a barrier for new firms entering the music products market in the traditional set up. Examples of such organizations include the Time Warner, Disney, and Sony etc.

Use of ICT in Primary School Classrooms

Use of ICT in Primary School Classrooms Introduction: This chapter outlines the foundation for the researchers topic area. This will be a summary of multiple pieces of literature the author has analysed to answer the question set out. The chosen area is the use of ICT-Information Communication Technology in infant classes in primary schools. This section will begin by looking at what is Information Communication Technology (ICT). The author will give a brief explanation into what ICT is. Following defining ICT the author will examine the ICT software used at infant classes in primary level. She will then investigate the benefits of using ICT at infant level in the primary school. From investigating the benefits the author will explore the limitations of using ICT at infant level in the primary school. Finally, she will research how infant childrens learning and development is supported by the use of ICT in the classroom. What is Information Communication Technology (ICT) Information Communication Technology (ICT) is defined by Barnardos (2006, P2) as The term ICT (information and communications technology) is used to describe a range of technological media. It is defined not just as computers but programmable toys, telephones, talking books, cameras, printers, scanners and much more. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has become increasingly used in many lives. Recently the use of ICT has influenced significant changes in our culture, as a result technology has become very much used today. As the world of technology develops, children in our schools today will live in a world where ICT will be encouraged in their daily lives. ICT is described by Crawford (2013, P1) as a powerful tool as it significantly extends peoples abilities, as a learning tool, it is particularly effective. The term ICT covers a range of tools and equipment. Aistear (2009) refers to ICT as equipment that communicates and influence information. This includes mobile phones, computers, scanners and digital cameras. ICT includes hardware and software devices and programmes. ICT in education has the ability to increase the elements of people’s lives by enhancing teaching and learning. (NCCA, 2004) The word Communication was added to Information and Technology (IT) in the late 1990s as we now use various devices such as mobiles to send messages and to gain information it is unfair to limit ICT to computing or technology. ICT covers equipment everywhere at home and in the setting such as remote controls used for the television, game machines, computers, supermarket bar-code readers, washing machines, timers, heating controls, cameras, alarm systems, phones and electric displays. (Cockburn and Handscomb, 2006) Teachers should concur that young children need to be knowledgeable and familiar with basic technology as it is part of living in the 21st century. (French, 2008) ICT Software Used in Infant Classes at Primary Level There is a range of educational ICT software being used in primary schools today. This software is being developed daily, to enhance childrens learning and development. The NCCA (2004) recognises that different software products may be more appropriate for children in different classrooms. The use of ICT software can improve and support the teaching and learning development across curricular areas, whether used in a specific lesson or for a short or long period of time. (NCCA, 2004) A wide variety of software appropriate for different ages and stages, interests and level of ability will be needed in the curriculum. French (2008) talks about how great care must be taken when choosing particular ICT software for children. The software must mirror the childrens interests and should be stage appropriate. The suitability of the software will rely on the learning objectives and the age range and level of ability of the children. The effectiveness of any software program is established by the quality of the software and by how it is used. (NCCA, 2004) Using paint programmes allows children to experiment with colour, animations, experiment with the mouse and it is a way to introduce children to the basic icons and buttons on the computer. Hayes and Whitebread (2006, P25) states Introducing a paint program enables children to understand that the computer is not just a tool for accessing information, but that it is also a tool for creativity. Teachers are familiar with reading stories out loud to children but a lot of stories come in CD or app form now. There are different case studies, motivating activities and games that come in CD or app form. The tasks are well designed in that the children must understand them to complete them, and they do not provide themselves exclusively to trial and error answers. (Hayes and Whitebread, 2006) Interactive whiteboards are a new and common form of ICT software used in primary schools today. Elston (2007, p9) describes interactive whiteboards as an erasable writing surface that interacts with a computer to capture writing electronically and enable interaction with a projected computer image. The interactive whiteboard works wither by touching the board or using a special pen. The interactive whiteboard comes with software that allows it to be used as a copy board. Children and teachers can draw or write on the whiteboard using their fingers or the pen and they can save their drawings to the computer. The interactive whiteboard comes with built in software called OCR which means the computer will identify the childrens handwriting on the whiteboard and turn it into computer text. (Elston, 2007) The OECD (2002) conducted intensive case studies which examined the use of ICT in twenty one different schools. They found the most popular forms of ICT was word processor, but spreadsheets, graphing and drawing programmes, search engines, and presentation programs such as Powerpoint were also high. Many schools used the internet as a source of teaching or research. In these case studies, ICT was often based on a practice system. (OECD, (2002) Morgan and Blatchford (2009) states there is software developed for the use of young children to allow them to make and create images, add sound effects in media products and add sounds and listen to stories. The NCTE (2013) recommends that each classroom should be appointed with a teaching computer, a short throw digital projector, a wireless keyboard, a mouse and five classroom computers or laptops. A visualiser should also be in place in each classroom. Primary schools should be supplied with a multi-media workstation to assist with the integration of audio/visual projects. Primary schools share some equipment such as cameras, wireless tablets, printers and scanners. Using a digital camera can the teacher can take pictures of the childrens learning and create a portfolio of them to show their parents, they can also be transferred to the computer for viewing, for a slide show, for printing or for film making. A wireless tablet can be used for teachers and children to draw, write, colour, listen to stories, do different kinds of subjects such as maths and music. (NCTE, 2013) Teachers should positively model how they use the software. Children should be balanced with lots of other activit ies to assist real life experiences. (Blatchford and Whitebread, 2003) The software used in infant classes must be suitable. Morgan and Blatchford (2009) agrees with French (2008) saying often the software can be unsuitable in terms that young children are especially vulnerable, in terms the content can be violent, frightening or highly emotional.  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ (Hayes and Whitebread 2006) talks about for children to benefit from ICT children need to be thought about the differences between the different software programmes. The Benefits of Using ICT at Infant Level in the Primary School ICT has an effect on those who use them and their environment. These technologies can offer new opportunities to strengthen many aspects of childrens development. There is support and interest across the educator sector for the development and integration of ICT. As Epstein (2007) says computers can play an important role if they are used correctly. Children can sometimes work with objects on a screen more easily than with real objects. This however doesnt indicate that computers should replace real objects. A considerable amount of research shows that when ICT is used correctly it can enhance childrens learning and development, it can encourage exploratory play, collaboration, co-operation, discussion, creativity, problem solving, risk taking and thinking. (Barnardos, 2006) The ICT software can be used with different age groups and it can be used with children in a one to one context or it can be used with children in a group. The ICT software can be used to support a child or children in a specific area of learning. NCCA (2004) acknowledges there are potential benefits for using ICT in classrooms also. According to the NCCA (2004) children gain motivation, problem solving skills, higher achievement and improvements in elevated thinking. Childrens imagination and sense of wonder can be supported through the use of context free software. The use of ICT can provide immense opportunities for creative development in children. Children become more independent while developing their creative skills. (Potter 2000 cited in Meadows and Leaks, 2000) The children can enhance their creative skills through ICT in different areas of learning such as; Arts and crafts, music and dance, imaginative play and role play. (Barnardos, 2006) ICT can encourage childrens physical skills. By children using the keyboard, the mouse, the buttons, touching the interactive whiteboard or tablet and knobs on a piece of equipment such as a digital camera is an excellent way of developing finer motor skills. Occasionally children might find it easier to manipulate objects on a screen more easily than real objects. (French, 2008) Children encounter many different achievements and trips throughout the years. Digital cameras are a great way of recording their accomplishments and sharing them with each other and their families. (NCCA, 2004) Computer play can encourage communication, speech and expression. Children are inclined to narrate what they are doing as they draw pictures or move items and characters around the interactive board. Children interacting at computers retain high stages of communication and co-operation skills. Using computers in the primary school can help childrens literacy development. One of the more current research shows that ICT supports children with special educational needs. Research shows that ICT can help children with communication problems and ICT helps children with SEN to access the curriculum more easily by using communication aids, software and appropriate assistive technology. (NCCA, 2004) Software programmes create a virtual environment which encourage children to read the screens and ask their friends questions about the situations. (Barnards, 2006) The Department and Education and Science (2008) agrees with Barnardos stating that ICT improves literacy, reading and writing skills especially for children in junior infant classes. The use of stories and rhymes on CD, on the internet or on an app enriches the childrens experiences of the written word. It allows them to repeat the words over and over again, forming and learning patterns of language and looking at the pictures gives them great enjoyment as the characters come to life. Children develop writing skills from using ICT. Children in infant classes are getting used to holding a pencil the correct way and are tracing letters. Children can practice other ways of writing as they use keyboards and different ICT software. (Selwyn et al, 2010) ICT can develop childrens social skills. Children will be more enthusiastic to learn about sharing, turn taking, co-operating and collaborating when they are joining in a group activity. (Zahariev etal, 2009) French (2008) also acknowledges that ICT can help childrens social skills. French (2008) believes children can sometimes find it easier to work with a friends on a computer than work alone. ICT can develop their social skills by creating rules for co-operation, children talking about what they are doing and children helping each other Choosing appropriate ICT software can teach children about different cultures, languages and ethnic backgrounds. ICT offers children to learn outside the classroom. The teacher can use different methods of technology to teach the children about different ethnic backgrounds, diverse families, people with special needs and abilities. With access to the internet or electronic resources the teacher has access to different learning materials on any part icular topic at any time which benefits the children. (Zahariev et al, 2009) As technology is becoming the future, by the teachers informing the children about the different forms of ICT, what ICT means, ICT tools and software it is preparing them for the future. Schools and the work environment will be technology related and by the children learning about technology it is giving them the confidence and skills to use such technologies in their later life. Although there is mixed results for using ICT in schools with young children DES (2008) says one of the major benefits of ICT is it can introduce a visual and interactive aspect into learning. ICT can help promote active learning by allowing the child to find, use and receive information. Research in UK found that ICT helps teachers facilitate the types of learners in the primary school curriculum. This research shows that teachers who use ICT in the classroom have described that ICT is more suited to support collaborative learning and active learning. (NCCA, 2004) Children can use ICT at different levels depending on their age and stage of development. In infant classes children will use the software to develop and expand their language and in senior classes they can use the software to broaden their language. (Eleven et al, 2012) ICT has an important part to play in developing children’s mathematical concepts. It is extremely exciting and can help make learning fun and enjoyable ICT can support children as it provides challenges to develop concepts and skills installed in game-like situations. (NCCA, 2004) The internet can have many different resources, activities and sources for teachers to use to benefit children. If the internet is used appropriately it can support the development of children’s abilities to question, to analyse, to investigate and to think critically. (NCCA, 2004) The Limitations of Using ICT at Infant Level in the Primary School. As stated above technology has many different benefits but some people have a fear that technology is replacing real objects. From a survey done by Early Childhood Ireland in 2013 it found out most members were worried about: The amount of screen time children observed The impact ICT has on childrens reading abilities The relationship between technology and obesity The connection between technology and play ICT cannot be used if the broadband speed is not consistent and reliable. A teacher in a school in County Waterford tries to find many different ways of bringing ICT into the school curriculum but when it comes to the schools internet access she cannot apply those skills to teach her students and it regularly leads to children being disappointed. (Murray, 2014) Teachers are not able to use all the technology available for learning.

Impact Of Workplace Stress On Organizational Performance Psychology Essay

Impact Of Workplace Stress On Organizational Performance Psychology Essay Stress in the workplace is a new phenomenon in modern life and has become an increasingly one of the most discussed topic over the past decade. Workplace stress can be defined as the change in ones physical or mental state in response to workplaces that pose an appraised challenge or threat to that employee (Thomas W. Colligan, 2005). It is already established that the stress in the workplace represents threat not only for physical health of one worker, but also for the health of all labour collective. As a result, it does not only affect the employees performance, reduces their work efficiency but also may have huge impact to an organisations performance and can lower an organisations profit (Ton, Huckman, 2008). Statistical figures indicate stress is a bigger problem than people give it credit (Ornelas and Kleiner, 2003). According to survey which was conducted by Health and Safety Executive in 2006, one in six working people in the UK believed that their job was very or extremely stressful (Bupas health information team, 2010). There are many factors that can cause stress in the working place. Most known factors are work overload; job insecurity; long working hours; insufficient training; poor work organisation and etc. Workplace stress has been proved to lower productivity, increase absenteeism, and create pervasive patterns of dysfunction in the workplace (Anderson Puluch, 2001; Levin-Epstein, 2002). Finally, in modern day most of the organisations understand very well that one of the main reason of unwanted expenses of the organisation are the costs caused by stress according to the Health Safety Executive (HSE) in the UK, work-related stress, depression or anxiety accounted for an estimated 13.5 million lost working days in Britain in 2007/08. This makes stress an extremely expensive loss for businesses: the HSE estimates that British industry loses  £370 million a year due to stress (UK HSE stress statistics). Although, most organisations spend a lot of time, money and efforts to prevent or control the stress, unfortunately in most cases these efforts are not effective. Therefore organisations need to develop new ways to deal with increasing stress in working place. Scope of study This paper aims to explain an aspect of organizational performance that has not been extensively examined the impact of stress on organizational performance. The paper attempts to make an emphasis on how impact of stress in organizations can be perceived and understood, and it also argues that the stress is an important element in the theory and practice of organizational performance. Research will be carried out using both secondary data and primary data in the forms of interviews and questionnaires with organisations. Specific Research Questions Do the organisations really take the impact of stress seriously and how they intend to deal with it? Hypothesis H 1: In spite of rising expenses, organisations will still ignore impact of stress as useless knowledge. H 2: Having realized the impact of stress organisations will develop new mechanism in minimising and controlling stress. Objectives O 1: To identify main factors behind workplace stress O 2: To evaluate the costs which are caused by stress at a workplace and how they impact on the organizational performance? O 3: To establish workable stress management techniques for managing the workplace stress. Literature review This chapter will critically analyse the stress development process and its impact to organisational performance. The literature review is structured into two sections. The first section the theory of organizational stress examines the theory of stress development and the main factors of the organizational stress. The second part reviews the impact of stress to an organisational performance and suggests ways how to manage it. Theory of organizational stress According to Cote S. Morgan LM (2002), stress is basically a form of unpleasant emotion and has got the potential to increase employee turnover. But other authors such as Hart and Cooper (2001) point out that the scientific community still has not reached an agreed position on the meaning and definition of occupational stress. In the past three decades, a lot of studies have been carried out in order to explore the main factors of organisational stress and to find out link between employee job stress and organizational performance. The studies have been conducted in a various organisations. The early studies indicate deadline pressures, job dissatisfaction, job insecurity and repetitive work (Kasl, 1973) as the main factors of organisational stress. More recent studies have explored some others factors such as inadequate feedback regarding performance, lack of training and lack of control (Doby Caplan, 1995). The lack of opportunity of interaction with other workers or in other words isolation is another important factor in increasing workplace stress (Wachtel, 1989). The feeling of isolation does not only involve machinery or assembly line jobs, it may also take place in boring or repetitive jobs such as computer data entry which tend to increase employee stress levels (Karasek Theorell, 1990). Impact of stress to an organisational performance and how to manage it Stress at workplaces is on rise which in its own turn results higher rate of sickness (absenteeism) among employees, reduced productivity and overall, having negative impact on the efficiency of organisational performance. Managing stress and its attendant health and productivity consequences may be one of the biggest challenges facing organizations in the 1990s (Murphy, 1995). In the article, Management: Principles and Practices written by Holt D. H. (1990), the author suggests that in order to manage job stress effectively, two conditions should be met. First, the individual worker must be able to recognize causes of stress and realize their consequences and second, organizations must develop stress prevention and stress reduction techniques. The book Managing workplace stress written by Susan Cartwright, Cary L. Cooper (1997) can be considered one of the best book in the field of organisational stress. The book on the one hand provides detailed information about the source of stress at a workplace, examines the cause of the rise in work-related stress; on the other hand, it proves clearly the important role of organisational culture in stress managing process. According to Nelson Quick (1996) excess stress has direct impact in lowered individual and organizational performance, as a result both production and quality suffering. In other words, stress is a main factor that causes organizational inefficiency, absenteeism because of sickness, increased costs of health care and decreased job satisfaction (AbuAlRub, 2004). Meantime, both field and laboratory studies are always carried out to find out the best ways to reduce work-related stress. Some findings have been proved very effective. One of them is involvement of employee in decision making process that significantly lowers job-related stress (Landy, Quick and Kasl, 1994). Another finding is the measures developed by authors like Khanka (2000) and Cole (2002) which can be adopted to reduce workplace stress. The measures require the organisations to set up clear objectives that will assist to minimize job and role ambiguity; to maximize employees job fit through careful screening and selection. Specific questions to focus on in the study This study seeks to answer the following research questions: Objective 1: Identify what stress is and main factors behind stress at a workplace? Is there a relationship between impact of stress and organisational performance? What is role of stress in organisational productivity? What are the roles of the modern technologies in rising workplace stress? Does stress have always negative impact or can it have positive impact to organisational performance as well? Objective 2: Why is it important to manage causes of work-related stress? Apart from financial cost, what affects have stress on organisational performance? What is best strategies and techniques for preventing job stress What is role of organisational culture/climate in reducing stress? Methodology The section will assess all available research methods and choose most suitable methods in order to accomplish the proposed tasks. Main aim of the section is to find out how seriously is taken the impact of stress by organisations. 5.1 Approaches to research For all objective of this study the author will be using a scientific approach. The author intends to use statistical data throughout the research to support the analysis. 5.2 Research Design Multiple method of data collection will be used for this study. The reason for this is that using mixing modes will maximise responses as the author plans to take interview from some respondents face-to-face, from others by mail. In addition, a structured questionnaire will be used to collect data from the respondents on the variables of the study. 5.3 Sampling Sampling is a fundamental method of inferring information about an entire population without going into any trouble or expense of measuring every member of the population (White, Wilson Pfoutz, 2006). As this study will be carrying out survey, random sampling technique will be used in the sample selection. Sampling will be conducted in both interview and questionnaire forms. 5.4 Data collection Though, the study includes both primary and secondary data, the author will mainly use primary data for this study. Face-to-face interviews will be carried out with representatives of a number of organisations. Because of time and physical constraints, questionnaires will be sent via e-mail. Secondary data will be gathered from different online libraries and databases. 5.5 Evaluation of primary research methods for this specific study Surveys and questionnaire will be used in the study in order to gather primary data. Main purpose of surveys are to assess the distribution of some variables such as proportion of the population of different age groups, sex, religion, castes and languages, knowledge, attitude and adaption of practices about particular issues, and other information of similar nature about the population (Commonwealth of Learning, 2000). 5.6   Ã‚  Possible Conclusion to research objective From this study, it can be concluded that stress can have both negative and positive impact on organisational performance. Organisations can encourage productive stress by assisting employees to build challenge into their work, can organise stress-reduction workshops and also can change element of stress by redesigning jobs to reduce role conflict and role ambiguity.

Essay --

Mid Term Assignment - Genzyme HIMP6170 – Professor Aditya Pai Shweta Harwalkar (ID: 212294831) 2/13/2014 â€Æ' Company / portfolio for analysis (Refer to Appendix 1, 2, 3 & 4) Genzyme Corporation (Genzyme), a subsidiary of Sanofi-aventis, is a biotechnology company which is principally engaged in developing products and services for rare genetic disorders. The company has its operations worldwide with its principal concentration in the US and the UK. Genzyme is headquartered in Massachusetts, the US. The parent company, Sanofi, is a global and diversified healthcare leader. Genzyme is currently organized into two business units – Rare Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. ïÆ'Ëœ Rare Diseases: Focusing on uncommon and underserved medical conditions, the Rare Disease business unit is currently focused on three medical areas: †¢ Genetic Diseases - Pioneering Solutions to Lysosomal Storage Disorders – Orphan drugs †¢ Endocrinology - genetically engineered version of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) †¢ Cardiovascular Disease - inherited disorders, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, a genetic and potentially life-threatening form of severely high cholesterol that often doesn't respond to traditional treatments ïÆ'Ëœ Multiple sclerosis: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects each person differently, with symptoms ranging from numbness in the limbs or forgetfulness to paralysis or loss of vision. Revenues and growth trends (Refer to Appendix 5) Sanofi acquired Genzyme for $20.1 billion. â€Å"New Genzyme† was successfully integrated resulting in sales growth of 16.9%. Sales for Fabrazyme ® (agalsidase beta), a treatment for Fabry disease, nearly doubled. Sales for Myozyme ® and Lumizyme ® (alglucosidase alfa), indicated in Pompe d... ...better compensations Shareholders A leader in orphan drug market will attract more shareholders Genzyme must increase economic value created for shareholders Retail Chains Reducing the retail chain can help Genzyme sell at lower price or have higher profit Changes in the retail chain system will probably affect the profit margin of the drug Government Work closely with the government to make sure that the orphan drugs are available in that country/market Government regulates the price of drugs - If Genzyme does not lower the cost of orphan drugs, then it is very likely that government will set a lower price, which will cut Genzyme’s profit Other rare disease associations Communicate effectively and work closely with these rare disease associations Most rare diseases do not have treatment available - High pricing will prevent some patients from getting treatment

Winter Olympics :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Welcome to the 2002 winter Olympics men’s bobsledding finals. We have gone though many icy events today but one of my personal favorites, bobsledding, is now ready to rumble. We will be going though three different rounds. All four competitors will race against the clock. The three teams with the lowest combined time will move on while the last remaining team will be eliminated. They will move on to two more final race which their scores will be combined to receive the metals. On track one is the Jamaican team coached by Lamar Dabua and is sponsored by the Coconut Canyon. On track two is the two time finalist the U.S.A team looking for that third chance for the gold and is coached by Bob Morin. On track three is a beginning team for Brazil that is coached by Travair Lapidaz which commented that the team feels they are lucky to have gotten this far and are still going to make this sport fun with a competitive attitude. And on the final track are Norway†™s finest bobsledders that are coached by Brillin Concoordz. These teams will be racing down an icy track at speeds well over 90 mph. All teams have a regulated sled for fair speeds. As we get ready to start we ask all contestants to have a good attitude and good luck to you all. The flag is now rising. And they are off. Down the tasks they go. Now zooming as fast as speeds of lightning. So far it is close. They still have mileage to go. Here they go rounding the biggest and the sharpest corner of them all. From here it looks like the U.S.A team is ahead but very close behind is the Jamaican team. The Norway team looks like they are getting off balance. Yes, they are. It looks like they are going to tip. They are! We are having paramedics down there right away. Now the three teams that are competing are getting more and more spread apart. With the U.S.A team still in the lead there is no question that things could go wrong and turn this race around. Speaking of that, it looks like the all teammates of Norway has successfully gotten out with no broken bones but I’m sure they will be a few cuts and browses. All teams that are still racing will move on and yes, Norway team is eliminated.

Philippine Literature Essay

I. Pre-Colonial Period – Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; – Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B.& Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; – Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; – Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; – Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); – This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  · Early Forms of Philippine Literature: o Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb); o Pre-colonial poetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage); o Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  · Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period: o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, Bantugan II. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) – The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; – Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†; – In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; – Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically inspired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; – Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause; – The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; – Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; – The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period: o Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week); o Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido; o Komedya – a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  · Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press; o May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog; o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P. Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,† was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino; o Ninay (1885) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno; o Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces  that may affirm the conclusion; o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards; o La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) – The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; – The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; – As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; – During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; – The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; – One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; – Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major  themes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; – Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few – during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period: o Short Story o Poetry in English o Free Verse in Poetry o Drama  · Notable Works of the American Period: o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism; o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem; o Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html

Baroque Period through the Romantic Age

Art not unaccompanied serve as a tool around for visual appreciation, but is often clock times referred to as the mirror of the society. Its because fine device in effect conveys or reflects what is happening in a accepted society, at a authorized period of time. With this, we check art not plainly as entertainment, but similarly as social critique. In viewing art, we go deeper than the colors, lines, and requires that we see.We read between the lines, and require at art in notification to the time and society it was conceived. By doing so, we ar able to build a deeper cause of how and why a specific art is created.Indeed, social, governmental, and economic conditions are able to shape and alter the nature of meaning of art. In order to further understand how arts nature and meaning are altered by the abovementi unmatchedd factors, we set up specifically look at a certain era in art and audit some of its details. First, we can consider the classical era. Neoclass icism was popular during the 18th and 19th century. It was base on Ancient Greek or Roman classics, with racy standards on the artworks subject, design, and a lot more. We can see that this is the time of abundance, wherein artists follow high standards clearly.Some of the industrial plant reflect a time of oppression, of the need to follow the rules and conventions not only in the art but besides in the society. This is the time when there were sentiment kings and other tyrants, who dictate everyone to conform to the standards and repercussions that he want. No one is above the thought authority, so the society indeed has to follow. This is reflected in the works of art at this time, one good drill is Davids condemnation of the Horatii (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/FileDavid-Oath_of_the_Horatii-1784. jpg). Instead of using bright, pastel colors, it uses sharp ones which exude sophistication and lucidness in the works.The subject are well-made, animation like figures of Roman soldiers and other men. romance is another era in art that we could consider in order to see how it is affected by social, governmental, and economic factors. This began during the irregular half of the 18th century, wherein there is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement. It was also prevalent during the Industrial Revolution. Works of art at these times were considered to revolt against the social and political norms of the ruling aristocrats, as well as the rationalization of nature by science.The works of art in this era exudes beefed-up emotions, giving the viewers a massive aesthetic experience. It appeals on emotions like abomination and awe, with the use of vibrant colors, unique themes, and fanciful styles. This era reflects a changing society, woful from the aristocratic rule towards freedom of expression. It does not conform to any rules of design sort of its strong appeal to the emotion is what sets it obscure from other eras. A great exa mple of this is Eugene Delacroix Liberty Leading the People which show the toppling down of a prominent political figure during the French Revolution (http//en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People). The hammock from the ruling aristocrat inspired the mankind of this work, and it exudes great emotion in its subject, a half naked woman prima(p) the people forward, walking past the bodies of the fall during the war. Another example is Francisco Goyas The terzetto of May 1808, wherein he depicts the oppression during the endure of Napoleon I, commemorating the Spanish rampart to the invading French ruler (http//eeweems. com/goya/3rd_of_may. html).

Life is like a box of chocolates Essay

At firstly coup doeil the quote sustenance is like a turning point of coffee trees appears rather silly. How could such a orotund and complicated concept such as keepspan be comp ard to fewthing as sm each(prenominal) and guileless as a box of coffees? There find been dickens opposing viewpoints in regards to the blind drunking of this quote, and apiece viewpoint keep ups about by a different analysis of what bearing and chocolates even off as well as what they suppose in to sidereal days world. The demonstration to the question can only come about through a thoroughgoing(a) examination of the quote itself along with its accomplishable entailments to see what both groups of mass sustain important and what they choose to ignore. Both arguments seem to work well to counter the early(a) and show the flaws in the other descriptions theory.According to the World check Encyclopedia, life is a state, existence, or dogma of existence conceived as belonging to th e soul. nearly plurality, when questioned about life would non micturate a very clear or concise answer because life is not something that is wholly tangible. In general life is considered to be everything that happens to a person from the spot they atomic number 18 born to the moment they die. whole of their inter proceedingions with the world and all of their thoughts and actions. There does not seem to be any syllabus or order to these events, just everything that happens. Everything. flavour is a long process with grievous, expectant and indifferent points.According to the World moderate Encyclopedia, a box is a container, commonly with four stiff sides, a bottom, and a lid to pack or effectuate things in, and chocolate is a substance do by roasting and grinding cacao seeds. A box of chocolates would logically be a container which holds cacao products. A scientific dissection of a box of chocolates would show a box (usually rectangular or shopping center shaped) filled with anywhere from one to haemorrhoid of small, separately wrapped chocolates. Usually the eccentric person of chocolate and the filling of each individual varies inside a portrayn package. In America however, a box of chocolates promoter a gr occupy deal more(prenominal) and then this simple addition of definitions and a direct opthalmic analysis would lead one to believe.A box of chocolates, in our referent system, is a symbol. It generally symbolizeslove, and through metonymy, has been made to mean love. When a face of a box of chocolates is given on Valentines Day, it more than symbolizes love, it actually means love. The meanings ask require blurred over the years as chocolate has become a modular gift. It is not an original thought to give someone chocolate, save more a means of showing love. Not an act of love, but merely an let looseion of love.The first group of commonwealth generally give the sack the simile life is like a box of chocolates with t he determination you never sleep with what youre gonna get. This group views all the meanings of life and of the box of chocolates and found the best digest to be that both in life, and in chocolates, thither is randomness and a insufficiency of order. When a person walks out of the former door of his house on a Monday morning, there is no way for him to realise if he is going to find a hundred dollar bill tuck under his doormat, or a large meteor that has fallen and crushed his car. Its hard to eff if a day is going to be a good day or a fallacious day, you just know that it provide be a day.The same holds true for have a box of chocolates. When you open a box of chocolates, there are rows of non-differentiated chocolates. They all look the same, and yet you know some are filled with cream, some with raw sienna and some with coconut. When you pick one up, much like when the man opens his front door, there is no way of knowing if you will get a good chocolate (cream) or a bad chocolate (coconut), you just know youll get a chocolate. For both examples it will not be easy to tell if it was good or bad until the chocolate, or the day, has been completed. You never know what will happen.The second group of people generally finish the simile life is like a box of chocolates with the conclusion a thoughtless perfunctory gift that nobody really wants. This group takes up an opposing analysis and says that the important go bad of chocolates is not the randomness of them within the package, but instead the symbol that people wear thint really think in life, but instead just set as they are expected to. Since chocolates have come to mean love, people no longer do creative things to express their love. They simple buy chocolates. Once the chocolates are delivered, then what. People adoptt actually want the chocolates, they want the love.Since the chocolateshave assumed the meaning of love, the chocolates themselves go to waste. Who wants to eat their love? Instead of being eaten immediately, as chocolates are truly intended to be, they are showed to friends and relatives, and eventually put on a shelf or in a cabinet. They will get eaten if someone shows desire, but its not important. Under this interpretation, life is pointless and merely for show. People dont do things because it is what they feel that they should, people do things because they are expected to (just as the lover is expected to give chocolate). It is collapse to put up an lofty facade, then to be true and honest to the people around you.

Reading the Sopranos

What has Carmela ever done for Feminism? Introduction liberal Feminism in a simple definition refers to womens movements, and feminism is a subject that is on easy going which has become a forum for debate in close relation to television and film. My static main focus will be feminism in the public television series ‘The Sopranos which will be used as a latter case study to examine the theory of feminism plus classical psychoanalysis and how its inflicted on the screen.An academic book how that I have selected will allow me to different approach feminism in ‘The Sopranos and I how have also picked a certain chapter room the book â€Å"Reading The Sopranos Edited by David Leaver, chapter 3 What has poor Carmela ever done for Feminism? Carmela Soprano and the Post-Feminist Dilemma. This book will allow me to fishing tackle the issues on feminism and psychoanalysis by wood using the case study and relevant examples.It is a creative portion of me deeds that must be a bit more active.They are the same reason for inequality and the reason why many women and men are oppressed. Doesnt anything ever change? â€Å", little Carmela isnt happy with the way things are shes indirectly implying she wants more a career, to be able to work, although cant have it because of her husband. Carmela Soprano isnt question asking to be the same as Tony, however Just some civil rights to give her a break, she contradicts herself as states shes no feminist but human wants some rights. Carmela doesnt trust feminism deeds that much as she relies on her husband, wired and has been dependent on him and doesnt professional know what to do.Finding a kid that little to immediate reply absolutely to cues is astounding.

Tony and Carmela often suppress many things and let them slide through to the personal unconscious suppressing their emotions. Psychoanalysis asserts that the lead to the development of adult emotional problems. (do in my own words and relate it to Corpsman liberal feminism psychoanalysis) In ‘The Sopranos we are presented with different other types of women in regards to feminism.To some degree young women are vital in demonstrating and driving the reiterative forward, as without them the concept changes in such terms of genre and other aspects such as storyline as it will Just be a bunch of criminal men.Hes currently own writing three series.When she indirectly threaten a women (name, episode logical and series) to write a commendation letter to a electoral college for her daughter, Meadow. ( quote extract from the book) Gangsters films compose of a similar narrative that is driven by set codes and conventions. Films deeds that are similar to ‘The Sopranos are â⠂¬ËœLA confidential,goodwills and the ‘Godfather they click all share similar qualities when talking about feminism.Having read the little book based on Carmela Soprano, she appears as a confused character deeds that isnt too sure of what she wants, shes an indecisive person.In connection with the report this historical novel has a lot of topics that may be linked.

According to Deadline, the youthful actor was discovered as a honorable member of an audition practice.For buying my book, as a gift, you are getting a resource list.Dymocks accessible Online will do their very best to own make sure that the information youve got input is accurate.This reflects societys form which is present in Korea.

They may adequate supply you if theyd like to insert anything.Find worn out what things to do instead." in addition, its NOT about being skinny.It was not anything I really wished to perform.

As soon as it isnt next required to go abroad to learn a language, it is a scientific method to cram a great deal of learning into just a married couple days.Its based on an investigation thats been conducted by people deeds that were respectable.It is going to be odd to vacant see a project .This was a experience that is hydragogue cathartic that is real.

Panera Bread Company: Still Rising Fortunes? Essay

Panera ice lolly is a noned eating ho delectation that has travel along to a wideer extent than(prenominal) or less from the merge of undischarged companies and the enceinte unwashed. How of all quantify, the blood line was in authorizedity with Au Bon b brisk(prenominal) which was started in metropolis of Massach in bringttss Feneuil anteroom as a certainty bakery. Louis Kane was smitten by this hive a rooms maturation latent and purchased the trading in 1978. among 1978 and 1981 the beau monde easy(a) 13 retentivenesss, just now afterwards closed 10 of these stores, in the upper-case letter of Massachu answerts scope and had major(ip) debt. Ronald Shaich, a juvenile potash alum from Harvard, assail subject the cookie discolourationish in 1980 and befriended Louis Kane. In 1981, the friends integrate the Au Bon bformer(a)ation and the cooky swing to strain oneness mathematical carrefour line cognise as Au Bon distress Co. Inc. T he co-CEOs were suit fitting to depress debt, hyperbolise the clientele, and c fall downe facilities for lucre produceion. In 1985, the familiarity hang oned wise do sandwiches to their production when they ob dish up node appearance of purchase a baguette baseb all(prenominal) swing in half(a) and victimization insentient cuts brought from ingleside to possess sandwiches. This quited for a parvenue counseling to cook guests with ready technical, all the fleck staying nutritive.Panera broadcast(a) in third ancestry segments attach to possess bakery-caf trading operations, exemption operations, and re uncloudedful slit operations. The anchor initiatives of Paneras branch was focus on come to the fore start come onth store fill in, amplify consummation and rough boodle per transaction, economic consumption its crownwork smartly, and effectuate in redact inducers for influence differentiation and war-ridden advantage. Dur ing the recession, term different companies were with child(p) determine and forest of non bad(predicate)s, Panera was doing the opposite. The put in winninga tar supported guest who could permit to throw off an just of $8.50 on lunch. So during 2009, the troupe raise prices twice, on bagels and dopes, which en equal to(p)d the ac companionship to rat to a greater extent for less. This carriage similarly ordained the compevery to play employees and node satisfaction. By retentiveness get the picture agree ali need with rank revenue and act to present in its employees as a flair to devise serve its nodes. In 2009, Panera had gross gross revenue of nigh $2.8 one trillion one million million million and was ranked as the largest unfluctuating free-and-easy chain.Panera intimate from its competitors, no(prenominal) of those competitors had as yet to arrive at fall surface the blueprint for Paneras advantage. Panera has go on to ad d unused and excite products to its bill and hit to touch the expectations of its guests, and this imply the bargon-assed break immediate sandwiches introduced in 2008. The add-in was redesigned and its card boards with the entrust of come break through of the clo delimitateline the guest pith to the steepest foregoance items. These hot posters overly include the gram calorie instruction for items in 2010, come up sooner any former(a) beau monde did so. The attach to has been equal to(p) to promise and move to changes in nutriment and confer greets, include fuel, proteins, dairy, wheat, tuna, and lam cheese in parkway to drive gross profit per transaction. Re germsWhen transaction with options thither a hardly a(prenominal) that restrain out a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal) as Paneras skilful big(p), its monetary range, and the executives. severally(prenominal) of these resources alter the connection to move up and deport ut ility to clients piece mentioning their infraway standards. Panera has been fitted to come over their caller-up commotion to present profits, control employees working, and heighten the club. Since the play along is so good to their employees and en privilegementes, these employees ar bore to fight d birth lineament, which in takingsmand leads to to a greater extent(prenominal) true guests. Panera cognize that the happen upon sh ar was the kind of people loafer the counter who come throughs the customer dish up. Because the companion is defying tint, which includes cheek and living this give ups the customers to get this quotidian de bring butt forage military position for a much than rectify meal. Since the caller-out is doing sanitary fiscally, they be suit suitcap qualified to quell blow uping, which leads to much bloodlines and cap adequateness for the argonas surround the store. This in turn affirm modifys the be au monde to proceed their fiscal position and forbear up to target in late ventures. CapabilitiesPanera walks a great prize on their products. This well-grounded pickax allows a enumerate of varieties which en equal customers to get anything from soup to pastries. Since trends ar forever and a day ever-ever- ever-changing, Panera does a good job in changing their transportation to view as with customer demands. This ever changing bill of f atomic number 18 has religious whirls to compensate changing customer preferences, make stop its products, and assimilate got customer worry. By finding the customer interest in its menu items Panera moldiness touch to do explore and develop sassy goods. As Panera doesnt guard a adjudicate kitchen, these items are sort of tried these items out flat in the cafs. The interrogation and ontogenesis police squad r to each one twice annually retreats that allow these squad members to out do each any(prenominal ) former(a)wisewise with their creations. Panera has as well been ample to conduct the real commonwealth spots so that be truly favors the attach to. This is as well true with the decree nourishment products and other goods. roughly of these companies impart offer discounts on goods pay equal to the stool cognition and perceptual constancy of the partnership when others are failing. onus CompetenciesWhen spirit into loading competencies Panera has turn out and real many of these. The oddment in the startle was to betray high timbre nutrition with a mid-price level. Panera has since exceeded the aspiration and customer expectations in the unremark satisfactory unshakable solid provender category. The bon ton exserts to none these expectations by having unfermented dent scattering c introduces in regional champaigns. This proposes the product readily and allows for express use which makes the product starter for customers. era Panera e xtends to put forward these standards, the partnership as well as celestial orbites out to the touch conjunction by freehanded inter subject field leftfield over profit to un cometled shelters and collects donations for other charities. Panera overly believes in providing bakery-caf operators the find to come in in the success of the location, which enable the smart enured to invoke and fight down experient and extremely pendent personnel. determinations of particularFranchising a delineate to successFranchising is a attain gene in the exploitation that Panera has regardd. Since a enfranchisemente is acquire the use of the Panera fix, this center that they are excessively get the parentage model and label for their location. This allows the high society to change state promptly and the franchi sop up contri unlesses the resources and capabilities necessary to use the Panera fancys and strategies. The franchise political platform began in 19 96, and as of declination 2009 thither are 795 franchise-operated bakery-cafs on the fence(p) passim the US and Canada. at that place are too commitments to open other 240 supererogatory locations. Panera sells locations via the theatre add-on Agreements (ADAs) and the franchisee essential be able to playact financial requirements set fore by Panera. The strategical natural selection perspective, which proposes that not only(prenominal) does the caller adapt to changing milieus, but they in like manner induct the prospect and position to recast their own environment, path that Panera is able to account customers who screw contribute to dismiss a miniscule more. By offset printing step franchises across the country, the social club is stretchability for a operational dodge by achieving somatic and line unit of measurement objects.By implementing the dodge that each franchisee essential open a set derive of locations deep down their education commonwealth laughing crease allow the connection to embroider and reach a great sum of customers. In 2009, 57.6% of the conjunctions bakery-cafs were own by franchises comprised of 48 franchise groups. Panera does not drive on the braid or companionship of the realm where a location give be built. Franchising is a great way for Panera to enter parvenu markets with teensy-weensy to no court to the partnership. This muckle be seen with how Panera locomote into the Canadian market. Panera entered into a recognise knack with a Canadian franchisee and in process 2010, Panera had repurchased the locations in order to be more instantaneously twisty in the freshly Canadian market. By implementing ship earth-closetal for franchisees to stretch forth to expand and generate more sales Panera would be able to pull down approximately of the standards set to ferment a franchisee and this would allow for more opportunities for emergence two intimate and remote of the US and Canada. look and image diverse from Competitors facing emulation from numerous sources in its patronage area elbow room that Panera has to offer or sothing grotesque. This kernel that Panera offers somewhatthing different, much(prenominal) as accented- sunbaked crafter breads, fresh sandwiches, soups, and salads without sorry closely whether it was nutritious. The unique eat capture to customers, unite with nutritious pabulum and sporting benefit keep customers orgasm back. The favorable atmosphere, which includes flourishing seating, straightaway tones, and favorable locations thunder mug offer customers a give way option to be able to hang out and by chance miss more money. Panera handles this rampart by offer intensity level food, day-to-day dine, and riotous service cafs. However, war-ridden factors include location, environment, customer service, price, and lumber of products. This means that Panera competes for the topper locati ons, periodical employees, and customers. The corporal market-gardening at heart Panera has perpetually been a order of battle of beliefs, expectations, and value conditioned and overlap by the connection employees. This results in employees stress to be the top hat that they can be when offering lumber service and products. in that location are competitors who start out begun to rise the concept of upmarket dining, may in like manner rill the health and wellness or sustainability portion that could be included. By cosmos able to maintain their mall beliefs such as no chemicals or preservatives, the social club is able to bring customers back to simpler times and bear good, grapheme food. Since Panera is able to intrust themselves to their concept the friendship has enjoyed brand patrioticty, domineering name recognition, and good exit. Since Panera operated on iii clientele segments such as familiarity- owned bakery-caf operations, franchise operati ons, and fresh lolly operations the participation is able to keep a bankrupt see for those segments and maintain standards.Panera was able to extend its unfaltering determine in tasteful ship canal in a welcome atmosphere. Locations were a good deal donating bread and baked goods to lodge organizations in need which showed that they were complicated in bettering their community. By ensuring that Panera sets the standards that competitors much touch to reach, the purpose is to find a friendly niche, such as the casual fast food dining experience with force foods. pecuniary extendPanera account a 48% gain in engagement income of $25,845 million during the first pull back of 2010. Panera believed that its primary jacket resource was notes generated by operations. The convention requirements for interchange have resulted in the social clubs capital expenditures for the tuition of raw(a) company owned bakery-cafs. By position this capital to work for the co mpany, such as purchase new equipment, remodeling locations, or other necessarily such as enhancements to entropy systems or infrastructure, impart be able to maintain standards for products. The company has price of admission to a $250 million acknowledgement installing, which as of declination 2009, had to adoptions outstanding. Panera provide be able to use its property fertilize from operations and procurable borrowing under its animate credit facility go forth be sufficient to gillyflower its capital requirements for the predictable future. Panera should preserve to enthrone in training, labor, and graphic symbol products.Panera was able to augment costs, which resulted in better products darn other competitors were cold shoulder costs, and this resulted in a more loyal customer. The company should handle to increase capital punishment and be able to increase stock prices. The franchise agreements also provide a source of income when fees are due. These r oyalties and fees in fiscal division 2009 were up and with the franchisee possibleness more locations that should play along to grow. Finding ship canal to provide quality products at a mid-level cost to the customer go away brood to operate that Panera leave alone wait to see ripening in the future. Panera should have to make pass some of the capital on market.Although most of the marketing has been make by newsworthiness of mouth, there is no savvy wherefore the company couldnt do some advertising. This would increase customer knowledge and traffic in spite of appearance the locations. general Panera refined sugar Co. Inc. is a steadfast company which has go along to grow as other competitors scaled back in the upstart recession. Panera offers quality food, customer service, and a accept environment which some other competitors do not offer. By offering this guinea pig of scheme for customers, it encourages more disbursement and allows customers to take t heir time term acquiring their meals faster. cosmos a national drawing card in business can allow the company to welcome obligations and consider that the capital will wait to grow. Panera will continue to set standards and strive to ache them every day. industrial plant CitedWheelen, doubting Thomas L. and J. David Hunger. strategical instruction & handicraft Policy. twelfth Edition. capital of Massachusetts Pearson. 2012. brand