Recording, Analysing and Using Human Resource Information Essay

This task is based around a retail association. This association is in the style segment, essentially selling women design (in spite of the fact that it has a few lines for men and kids). The association has 34 stores, essentially situated in the Midlands and South of the UK. It will in general utilize critical number of understudies during the occasion time frame (to assist spread with staffing occasions) and it generally utilizes various impermanent laborers in the bustling weeks paving the way to Christmas. Answer the accompanying inquiries (aggregate of 1000 words): 1. For what reason does this association need to keep worker records (recognize in any event two reasons?) Two reasons with regards to why the previously mentioned association would need to keep worker records are as per the following; 1) To fulfill lawful necessities †There are various lawful prerequisites in regards to the chronicle of representative records. The key lawful necessities that this or any association or Human Resources (HR) office would should know about are; Storing records for the Inland Revenue, The Working Time Regulations 1998, The National Minimum Wage Act 1998 and the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR). This rundown isn't thorough. [1]According to Martin et al ‘there is a broad assortment of enactment that directs and controls the administration of individual information and data. HR records need to fulfill various lawful principles’. 2) To give data to help the association in its dynamic †By keeping representative records the previously mentioned association can bolster the association in its dynamic in different ways. For instance as this association will in general utilize countless understudies during the occasion time frame they would have the option to take a gander at records from earlier years and maybe re-utilize understudies who had a decent past record in participation and execution and so on. Then again on the off chance that they had a worker who messed them up with regions, for example, participation or execution they would know not to re-utilize them. This could assist with sparing time and asset with regards to enrolling for the occasion time frame. 2. What information identifying with representatives may this association need to gather and by what method will this help HR or L&D rehearses? (Give 2 instances of sorts of information) Two instances of kinds of information the above association might need to gather to help with HR or L&D rehearses are as per the following; 1) Primary representative records †These records incorporate all worker individual data, for example, name, address, date of birth, start date of business, bank subtleties, National Insurance number, and duty data (P45 or P46). This data will bolster the HR division in a wide range of ways running from straightforward errands, for example, creating letters to increasingly complex assignments, for example, delivering reports. The HR office may need to deliver letters for representatives identifying with anything, for example, an adjustment in working hours to data about an affliction nonattendance. The representatives contact data would be accumulated from the essential worker records as referenced previously. The HR division may likewise need to deliver reports; these reports may allude to the age of the workforce, or the length of administration inside the workforce. Again the HR division would look to these essential worker records to help. 2) Absence †It is crucial for any association to record nonappearance levels be that as it may, eventually on the off chance that the data assembled isn't utilized, at that point it is of no genuine advantage to the association. [2]According to Daniels ‘if nonappearance information will be of any utilization it should be: †¢ Reported month to month †¢ Reported nearby information that appears at any rate the previous a year †¢ Compared with the rate for the business †¢ Broken somewhere around gathering of representative (for example manual and non-manual) or by department.’ Recording nonappearance levels will bolster the previously mentioned association inside the HR division from numerous points of view. One case of this would be on the off chance that there are any months where nonattendance is especially high, at that point operationally the association may take a gander at the chance of requiring transitory spread. The association may likewise see yearly patterns, accordingly in the event that they realize that December for instance is where nonappearance levels are especially high they can deliberately design and get ready impermanent spread ahead of time. 3. What might you suggest as successful strategies for this association to store the information, and why? (Give two distinct alternatives) My proposals as successful techniques for this association to store the information identifying with essential worker records and nonappearance are as per the following; 1) Primary representative records †As this association has countless workers spread across 34 distinct stores in various areas all through the United Kingdom; my suggestion is utilize a Personnel Database. I accept this would be a key necessity in keeping the information put away effectively. HR offices may need to get to data from various Stores for revealing and so on in this manner I feel it is important to have an ace database for all workers. Regular instances of sorts of information put away on a database would be name, address, start date, date of birth and pay and so on. This data would then be able to be utilized in a wide range of ways going from basic errands, for example, delivering letters to increasingly complex assignments, for example, making spreadsheets and announcing. [3]Martin et al refered to that utilizing databases for worker records ‘could be utilized in its crude, natural structure to convey a letter. Furthermore it could be prepared to recognize who is expected to resign or to compute pay costs for department.’ 2) Absence †My suggestion for this association to store their nonattendance rates would be through Computerized Personnel Information Systems (CPIS). [4]According to Daniels, ‘as well as holding work force records and information, there are various different capacities that can be fused into CPIS. These may not generally accompany the standard bundle, yet they may be purchased as extra facilities’. Nonattendance the executives being one of the capacities Daniels alludes to. One of advantages in utilizing CPIS corresponding to nonappearance would be that all Stores would approach nonattendance data identifying with each Store inside the association. This would empower chiefs to productively and viably break down patterns identifying with all the Stores. [5]Martin et al allude to the way that lone activities taken by directors and managers can cut nonappearance levels down anyway great records can assist them with doing this activity. A CPIS will deliver exact information in this way making it simpler for supervisors to screen this. 4. For what reason is it significant for the association to adequately include and recover data? Answer this with specific reference to finance and work force records. The significance of viably contributing and recovering data is vital to the fruitful activity of the above association, or in reality any association. I will explicitly focus on the regions of finance and work force. Right off the bat I will talk about the suggestions identifying with finance. Paying workers the right measure of cash at the right time is fundamental to representative fulfillment, consequently inside any business it is indispensable that all data required for handling finance has been input and recovered precisely. As this association has 34 stores there will be an enormous number of representatives, in this manner there will be a lot of data put away identifying with pay. On the off chance that data has been input or recovered erroneously this could bring about inaccurate installments to staff. For instance if a worker left the business anyway somebody neglected to enter that they were a leaver, this could bring about a wrong installment, in this manner losing the organization cash. Then again if a representative began the organization anyway somebody neglected to enter the data this would imply that the new worker wasn’t paid as the data would not be in the framework. This would right away give the new representative an awful initial introduction of the association. Besides I will talk about the suggestions identifying with staff records. It is indispensable that faculty data is input and recovered adequately for various reasons. The principal model would be in the event of a crisis; when another representative beginnings inside the business they are constantly approached to present a contact who is to be reached if there should arise an occurrence of a crisis. Hence it is significant that this data in input or recovered in the right way. On the off chance that the phone number was input erroneously and the business came to utilize the number on account of a crisis the business would then not realize who to contact particularly inside a huge association as referenced for the situation study. In the event that the data is recovered mistakenly the business may contact the erroneous individual which may prompt superfluous concern for somebody was has been embedded as a crisis contact for another worker. Another model with respect to why work force records should be input and recovered accurately would identify with clinical data. At the point when a worker is new to the business clinical data will be accumulated. For instance if a representative experiences an ailment, for example, epilepsy and this has not been contribution to the framework in light of a mistake at that point staff may not comprehend or know whether they had an epileptic fit. It could be the equivalent with hypersensitivities to nuts and so on. On the off chance that staff don't know they won’t have the option to give clinical data to the rescue vehicle when they show up to help in cases like the previously mentioned. All the time giving this data to the rescue vehicle administrations can have the effect throughout everyday life and demise circumstances. 5. Distinguish three parts of the capacity of information that should be tended to because of the Data Protection Act. [6]According to government enactment, The National Archives refered to that The D

Having First Child Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Having First Child - Personal Statement Example I encountered these sentiments and analyzed them intently when my first kid, Devin, was sent away from me. It is unimaginable to expect to place those emotions in words. Despite the fact that, he was sent to the Hostel for his brilliant future, yet I missed him. I realized that it was essential for him to show signs of improvement openings later on, however once in a while people become so narcissistic and childish, that they don't understand the power of the issue. This happens not only for the person's own advantage however on account of the dread he needs to lose something. On the off chance that I express my emotions before anybody, the primary conceivable inquiry they pose is that in the event that I am that stressed over him, at that point what caused me to pick this choice The appropriate response unquestionably is my craving to consider him to be a respectable and effective individual. His future was more significant for me than anything in this world, much more than my feelings and sentiments. The point behind moving him to a lodging was to furnish him with proper tutoring. It was a sincerely extreme encounter. I was restless about the earth of the inn, the social event he may have, and the nature of instruction. It was hard to be isolated from my adored child for such broad periods. Subsequent to being isolated I came to think about his incentive in my life. I respected him however didn't have a clue about that I could miss somebody that much. It was all new for me. In the first place I used to get hyper with no explanation.

Perkins, Frances

Perkins, Frances Perkins, Frances, 1882â€"1965, U.S. Secretary of Labor (1933â€"45), b. Boston. She worked at Hull House, was executive secretary of the New York Consumers' League (1910â€"12) and of the New York Committee on Safety (1912â€"17), and directed (1912â€"13) investigations for the New York state factory commission. She became an authority on industrial hazards and hygiene and began lobbying in Albany for more comprehensive factory laws and for maximum-hour laws for women. Gov. Alfred E. Smith appointed (1923) her to the New York State Industrial Board, and later she served (1926â€"29) as its chairman. Gov. Franklin Delano Roosevelt named her (1929) industrial commissioner of New York state to direct the enforcement of factory and labor laws. As President, Roosevelt appointed her U.S. Secretary of Laborâ€"the first appointment of a woman to the U.S. cabinet. Her appointment was bitterly criticized by business, labor, and political leaders. As Secretary of Labor, she promoted adoption of th e Social Security Act, advocated higher wages, urged legislation to alleviate industrial strife, and helped standardize state industrial legislation. After she resigned, she served (1946â€"52) as a member of the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Besides books on labor problems, she wrote The Roosevelt I Knew (1946). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Shirley Jackson And Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown And...

Fiction Essay Julia Williams ENG102-FA2017 Young Goodman Brown The Lottery Julia Williams There is a lot that goes into a fictional story, especially for the writer of the story. Most readers don’t look closely enough at a story to realize how much truly goes into it. Two major aspects that go into writing a fictional story include characterization and setting, both of which play a major role in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. Without the settings and characters in these stories, they wouldn’t be the same. The stories rely heavily on both. Jackson and Hawthorne use setting and characterization to convey and reinforce the idea that things are not always the way they seem†¦show more content†¦Some of the characters also say, Some towns have already quit lotteries, and that there is nothing but trouble in that. This demonstrates that in this society, the lottery is the way of life and it is just how things are. The setting also plays a big role in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This short story takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest outside of it. Ironically, this is also where Hawthorne grew up himself and his hate for the community shows through in this story. In Puritan communities, like Salem, the forest was known as a place that people should be kept away from at all costs. As such, in this story, the setting of the forest was portrayed as an evil place. To put emphasis on the setting, he used specific diction or colloquial expressions. The language of the period is used to enhance the setting. Even considering the names of the characters adds distinction to the setting, for example Faith and Young Goodman Brown, which give off vibes of good ol Christian characters. Characterization also plays a big role, in both The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown.’ They wouldn’t really be the same story without them as they are tied so deeply into t he respective plots of each tale. At the beginning of The Lottery, there is no specific main character. The main characters at this point would be the entire town as we are given a glimpse into their lives. As mentioned earlier, theShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesJackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad to come C. Ending: The ending is implied IV. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN† Read MoreCompare and Contrast Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Melissa A. Reeves Professor Andrew Smith ENGL 102-B46 LUO Thesis Statement The stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show that human behavior and judgment can be flawed, even if the person’s intentions appear good to them. There is a level of fear and underlying evil in Puritan settings in both stories. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose A. The Lottery i.Read MoreCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery†967 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery† . Mathew Speakman English 102 Professor Katie Robinson July 15, 2012 Thesis Statement: In Nathaniel Hawthornes â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†, we are given a picture of seemingly normal people who are capable of incredible evil. Outline: Opening mood in both stories a. Goodman Browns sets out on a walk in the forest, but knows that evil awaits him. b. TheRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery640 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery Symbolism Use In: Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery The authors, Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne, both frequently use symbols within their stories The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown. Symbols are utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the theme of each story. Hawthorne uses names and objects to enhance the theme, and Jackson mainly utilizes names to stress the theme, although she does have one object as a symbol of great importance to the themeRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery925 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Wayne Gillard II Professor C. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Wayne Gillard Prof. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Essay 1 Outline Thesis: The literary works of â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show the fallibleness of human behavior and judgment. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose a. The Lottery i. The hazards of following tradition or living according toRead MoreChoices With Consequences VsThe Lottery, And Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1296 Words   |  6 Pagescomparisons and contrasts between â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In her short story, ‘The Lottery’, Jackson uses a series of specific details and ordinary personages to describe the events leading to an unfair death. These details reveal the dangers of blindly upholding traditions and passing them to the next generations, without knowing much about the origin or the significance of the tradition. Jackson wisely incorporates various elements ofRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Supernatural In Literary Works1555 Words   |  7 Pageskeeps our hearts pumping and endorphins rushing; it is an emotion that reminds us of our own mortality. The authors Hawthorne, Jackson, Poe, and Gilman understand this human fascination with death and the unknown, and play upon this attraction. Their stories rely heavily on the supernatural, and our beliefs or disbeliefs in them. The story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson is built on suspense, and the fact that you are never sure exactly what is going on until the end of the story. When the climaxRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pagesfirst examples in the United States are Charles Brockden Browns Somnambulism (1805), Washington Irvings Rip van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), Edgar Allan Poes Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) and Nathaniel Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1842). In the latter 19th century, the growth of print magazines and journals created a strong demand for short fiction of between 3,000 and 15,000 words. Famous short stories of this period include BolesÅ‚aw Pruss A Legend

Shirley Jackson And Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown And...

Fiction Essay Julia Williams ENG102-FA2017 Young Goodman Brown The Lottery Julia Williams There is a lot that goes into a fictional story, especially for the writer of the story. Most readers don’t look closely enough at a story to realize how much truly goes into it. Two major aspects that go into writing a fictional story include characterization and setting, both of which play a major role in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. Without the settings and characters in these stories, they wouldn’t be the same. The stories rely heavily on both. Jackson and Hawthorne use setting and characterization to convey and reinforce the idea that things are not always the way they seem†¦show more content†¦Some of the characters also say, Some towns have already quit lotteries, and that there is nothing but trouble in that. This demonstrates that in this society, the lottery is the way of life and it is just how things are. The setting also plays a big role in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This short story takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest outside of it. Ironically, this is also where Hawthorne grew up himself and his hate for the community shows through in this story. In Puritan communities, like Salem, the forest was known as a place that people should be kept away from at all costs. As such, in this story, the setting of the forest was portrayed as an evil place. To put emphasis on the setting, he used specific diction or colloquial expressions. The language of the period is used to enhance the setting. Even considering the names of the characters adds distinction to the setting, for example Faith and Young Goodman Brown, which give off vibes of good ol Christian characters. Characterization also plays a big role, in both The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown.’ They wouldn’t really be the same story without them as they are tied so deeply into t he respective plots of each tale. At the beginning of The Lottery, there is no specific main character. The main characters at this point would be the entire town as we are given a glimpse into their lives. As mentioned earlier, theShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesJackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad to come C. Ending: The ending is implied IV. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN† Read MoreCompare and Contrast Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Melissa A. Reeves Professor Andrew Smith ENGL 102-B46 LUO Thesis Statement The stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show that human behavior and judgment can be flawed, even if the person’s intentions appear good to them. There is a level of fear and underlying evil in Puritan settings in both stories. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose A. The Lottery i.Read MoreCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery†967 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery† . Mathew Speakman English 102 Professor Katie Robinson July 15, 2012 Thesis Statement: In Nathaniel Hawthornes â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†, we are given a picture of seemingly normal people who are capable of incredible evil. Outline: Opening mood in both stories a. Goodman Browns sets out on a walk in the forest, but knows that evil awaits him. b. TheRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery640 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery Symbolism Use In: Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery The authors, Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne, both frequently use symbols within their stories The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown. Symbols are utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the theme of each story. Hawthorne uses names and objects to enhance the theme, and Jackson mainly utilizes names to stress the theme, although she does have one object as a symbol of great importance to the themeRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery925 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Wayne Gillard II Professor C. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Wayne Gillard Prof. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Essay 1 Outline Thesis: The literary works of â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show the fallibleness of human behavior and judgment. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose a. The Lottery i. The hazards of following tradition or living according toRead MoreChoices With Consequences VsThe Lottery, And Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1296 Words   |  6 Pagescomparisons and contrasts between â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In her short story, ‘The Lottery’, Jackson uses a series of specific details and ordinary personages to describe the events leading to an unfair death. These details reveal the dangers of blindly upholding traditions and passing them to the next generations, without knowing much about the origin or the significance of the tradition. Jackson wisely incorporates various elements ofRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Supernatural In Literary Works1555 Words   |  7 Pageskeeps our hearts pumping and endorphins rushing; it is an emotion that reminds us of our own mortality. The authors Hawthorne, Jackson, Poe, and Gilman understand this human fascination with death and the unknown, and play upon this attraction. Their stories rely heavily on the supernatural, and our beliefs or disbeliefs in them. The story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson is built on suspense, and the fact that you are never sure exactly what is going on until the end of the story. When the climaxRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pagesfirst examples in the United States are Charles Brockden Browns Somnambulism (1805), Washington Irvings Rip van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), Edgar Allan Poes Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) and Nathaniel Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1842). In the latter 19th century, the growth of print magazines and journals created a strong demand for short fiction of between 3,000 and 15,000 words. Famous short stories of this period include BolesÅ‚aw Pruss A Legend

Shirley Jackson And Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown And...

Fiction Essay Julia Williams ENG102-FA2017 Young Goodman Brown The Lottery Julia Williams There is a lot that goes into a fictional story, especially for the writer of the story. Most readers don’t look closely enough at a story to realize how much truly goes into it. Two major aspects that go into writing a fictional story include characterization and setting, both of which play a major role in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. Without the settings and characters in these stories, they wouldn’t be the same. The stories rely heavily on both. Jackson and Hawthorne use setting and characterization to convey and reinforce the idea that things are not always the way they seem†¦show more content†¦Some of the characters also say, Some towns have already quit lotteries, and that there is nothing but trouble in that. This demonstrates that in this society, the lottery is the way of life and it is just how things are. The setting also plays a big role in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This short story takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest outside of it. Ironically, this is also where Hawthorne grew up himself and his hate for the community shows through in this story. In Puritan communities, like Salem, the forest was known as a place that people should be kept away from at all costs. As such, in this story, the setting of the forest was portrayed as an evil place. To put emphasis on the setting, he used specific diction or colloquial expressions. The language of the period is used to enhance the setting. Even considering the names of the characters adds distinction to the setting, for example Faith and Young Goodman Brown, which give off vibes of good ol Christian characters. Characterization also plays a big role, in both The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown.’ They wouldn’t really be the same story without them as they are tied so deeply into t he respective plots of each tale. At the beginning of The Lottery, there is no specific main character. The main characters at this point would be the entire town as we are given a glimpse into their lives. As mentioned earlier, theShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesJackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad to come C. Ending: The ending is implied IV. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN† Read MoreCompare and Contrast Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Melissa A. Reeves Professor Andrew Smith ENGL 102-B46 LUO Thesis Statement The stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show that human behavior and judgment can be flawed, even if the person’s intentions appear good to them. There is a level of fear and underlying evil in Puritan settings in both stories. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose A. The Lottery i.Read MoreCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery†967 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery† . Mathew Speakman English 102 Professor Katie Robinson July 15, 2012 Thesis Statement: In Nathaniel Hawthornes â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†, we are given a picture of seemingly normal people who are capable of incredible evil. Outline: Opening mood in both stories a. Goodman Browns sets out on a walk in the forest, but knows that evil awaits him. b. TheRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery640 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery Symbolism Use In: Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery The authors, Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne, both frequently use symbols within their stories The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown. Symbols are utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the theme of each story. Hawthorne uses names and objects to enhance the theme, and Jackson mainly utilizes names to stress the theme, although she does have one object as a symbol of great importance to the themeRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery925 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Wayne Gillard II Professor C. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Wayne Gillard Prof. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Essay 1 Outline Thesis: The literary works of â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show the fallibleness of human behavior and judgment. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose a. The Lottery i. The hazards of following tradition or living according toRead MoreChoices With Consequences VsThe Lottery, And Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1296 Words   |  6 Pagescomparisons and contrasts between â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In her short story, ‘The Lottery’, Jackson uses a series of specific details and ordinary personages to describe the events leading to an unfair death. These details reveal the dangers of blindly upholding traditions and passing them to the next generations, without knowing much about the origin or the significance of the tradition. Jackson wisely incorporates various elements ofRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Supernatural In Literary Works1555 Words   |  7 Pageskeeps our hearts pumping and endorphins rushing; it is an emotion that reminds us of our own mortality. The authors Hawthorne, Jackson, Poe, and Gilman understand this human fascination with death and the unknown, and play upon this attraction. Their stories rely heavily on the supernatural, and our beliefs or disbeliefs in them. The story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson is built on suspense, and the fact that you are never sure exactly what is going on until the end of the story. When the climaxRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pagesfirst examples in the United States are Charles Brockden Browns Somnambulism (1805), Washington Irvings Rip van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), Edgar Allan Poes Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) and Nathaniel Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1842). In the latter 19th century, the growth of print magazines and journals created a strong demand for short fiction of between 3,000 and 15,000 words. Famous short stories of this period include BolesÅ‚aw Pruss A Legend

Shirley Jackson And Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown And...

Fiction Essay Julia Williams ENG102-FA2017 Young Goodman Brown The Lottery Julia Williams There is a lot that goes into a fictional story, especially for the writer of the story. Most readers don’t look closely enough at a story to realize how much truly goes into it. Two major aspects that go into writing a fictional story include characterization and setting, both of which play a major role in the stories â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson. Without the settings and characters in these stories, they wouldn’t be the same. The stories rely heavily on both. Jackson and Hawthorne use setting and characterization to convey and reinforce the idea that things are not always the way they seem†¦show more content†¦Some of the characters also say, Some towns have already quit lotteries, and that there is nothing but trouble in that. This demonstrates that in this society, the lottery is the way of life and it is just how things are. The setting also plays a big role in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. This short story takes place in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, and the forest outside of it. Ironically, this is also where Hawthorne grew up himself and his hate for the community shows through in this story. In Puritan communities, like Salem, the forest was known as a place that people should be kept away from at all costs. As such, in this story, the setting of the forest was portrayed as an evil place. To put emphasis on the setting, he used specific diction or colloquial expressions. The language of the period is used to enhance the setting. Even considering the names of the characters adds distinction to the setting, for example Faith and Young Goodman Brown, which give off vibes of good ol Christian characters. Characterization also plays a big role, in both The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown.’ They wouldn’t really be the same story without them as they are tied so deeply into t he respective plots of each tale. At the beginning of The Lottery, there is no specific main character. The main characters at this point would be the entire town as we are given a glimpse into their lives. As mentioned earlier, theShow MoreRelatedFiction Essay - Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery1051 Words   |  5 PagesJackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† reveals that different literary elements, such as tone and setting, are used to convey the characters’ arrival at dark, sinister places. II. INTRODUCTION III. SHIRLEY JACKSON’S â€Å"THE LOTTERY† A. Setting the tone: Peaceful and relaxing B. Irony: Even though the mood is relaxing, there is a premonition of something bad to come C. Ending: The ending is implied IV. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S â€Å"YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN† Read MoreCompare and Contrast Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pagesand Contrast â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Melissa A. Reeves Professor Andrew Smith ENGL 102-B46 LUO Thesis Statement The stories â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show that human behavior and judgment can be flawed, even if the person’s intentions appear good to them. There is a level of fear and underlying evil in Puritan settings in both stories. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose A. The Lottery i.Read MoreCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery†967 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Comparison of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and the â€Å"Lottery† . Mathew Speakman English 102 Professor Katie Robinson July 15, 2012 Thesis Statement: In Nathaniel Hawthornes â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and Shirley Jacksons â€Å"The Lottery†, we are given a picture of seemingly normal people who are capable of incredible evil. Outline: Opening mood in both stories a. Goodman Browns sets out on a walk in the forest, but knows that evil awaits him. b. TheRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery640 Words   |  3 PagesYoung Goodman Brown and the Lottery Symbolism Use In: Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery The authors, Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne, both frequently use symbols within their stories The Lottery and Young Goodman Brown. Symbols are utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the theme of each story. Hawthorne uses names and objects to enhance the theme, and Jackson mainly utilizes names to stress the theme, although she does have one object as a symbol of great importance to the themeRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery925 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Wayne Gillard II Professor C. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Wayne Gillard Prof. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Essay 1 Outline Thesis: The literary works of â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show the fallibleness of human behavior and judgment. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose a. The Lottery i. The hazards of following tradition or living according toRead MoreChoices With Consequences VsThe Lottery, And Young Goodman Brown, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1296 Words   |  6 Pagescomparisons and contrasts between â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In her short story, ‘The Lottery’, Jackson uses a series of specific details and ordinary personages to describe the events leading to an unfair death. These details reveal the dangers of blindly upholding traditions and passing them to the next generations, without knowing much about the origin or the significance of the tradition. Jackson wisely incorporates various elements ofRead MoreThe Purpose Of The Supernatural In Literary Works1555 Words   |  7 Pageskeeps our hearts pumping and endorphins rushing; it is an emotion that reminds us of our own mortality. The authors Hawthorne, Jackson, Poe, and Gilman understand this human fascination with death and the unknown, and play upon this attraction. Their stories rely heavily on the supernatural, and our beliefs or disbeliefs in them. The story, The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson is built on suspense, and the fact that you are never sure exactly what is going on until the end of the story. When the climaxRead MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pagesfirst examples in the United States are Charles Brockden Browns Somnambulism (1805), Washington Irvings Rip van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), Edgar Allan Poes Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) and Nathaniel Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1842). In the latter 19th century, the growth of print magazines and journals created a strong demand for short fiction of between 3,000 and 15,000 words. Famous short stories of this period include BolesÅ‚aw Pruss A Legend

Opinion of Macbeth - 833 Words

Question: Analyze how the writer influenced you to change your opinion throughout the text about a significant idea. Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in the 16th century as tribute to king James the first. At the start of the text king Duncan made me believe that anyone could be a good leader, Duncan effectively portrayed this idea because he put the needs of his country in front of his own. Throughout the text Shakespeare influenced my opinion to change when Macbeth came into power as he cared about no one but himself; Shakespeare influences re seen well through the techniques soliloquies, irony and contrast. King Duncan is a good leader whose only concern is his country. Macbeth is the thane of Glamis; he is an honorable†¦show more content†¦Shakespeare purpose of this contrast is to show that not anyone can be a good leader and that it takes a good person to actually be a good leader. After the death of Duncan, Macbeth looses all decency; he no longer consults with his wife who he describes as his partner in crime. He uses his power for his own benefit and not for his country this shows that he is callous and will kill anyone who gets in his way. Shakespeare uses soliloquies through out the text to reveal the inner workings of a characters mind; this technique shows that not anyone can be a good leader because in order to be a good leader your thoughts have to be affirmative with your actions. Macbeths thoughts are often completely different to what he is outwardly saying or doing this is seen when he claims to be Duncan’s loyal subject but secretly is plotting to execute him, he says â€Å"the bell invites me, hear it not, Duncan for it is a knell, that summons thee to heaven or to hell†. Another example of soliloquies is when Macbeth pretends to be Banquos friend when he says â€Å"fail it not our feast tonight† whilst in his mind he is dele gating to get him killed. Throughout the text Shakespeare uses irony to show that some people are not suited to wield power, irony gives the audience insight on something that the characters don’t know, irony is well shown after the death of Duncan,Show MoreRelatedThe Downfall of Macbeth by William Shakespeare1258 Words   |  5 Pages The play Macbeth is set around the rise and the fall of the protagonist, Macbeth. The audience perceives that there are a number of culprits that have caused his eventual down fall, such as Lady Macbeth, the three witches and Macbeth himself. We cannot ignore the thought that each of the factors has played a fairly notable role yet only one is truly responsible for setting off the tumultuous cycle of the play. Personally, when thinking over the causes and consequences I have come to a consideredRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Present Macbeth and Lady Macbeth’s Relationship in Act 1?754 Words   |  4 PagesThere are several interactions between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth which give us an idea of the relationship between them. The pair first meet in the play in Act one, scene four. The first interaction between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the play is at the start of scene two. Lady Macbeth reads aloud the letter that Macbeth had written to her about meeting the witches: â€Å"Glamis thou art, and Cawdor and shalt be, What thou art promised†. Lady Macbeth understands his plight; she knows that what he wantsRead MoreMacbeth Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pages Macbeth In the final Act of the play Macbeth and his wife are described by Malcolm as â€Å"This dead butcher and his fiend-like queen.† Consider how Shakespeare introduces us to the character of Macbeth in Act 1. Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and wrote 37 plays throughout his lifetime. He wrote Macbeth in 1606 and it is probably one of his best known plays. ‘Macbeth’ is one of Shakespeare’s great tragedies-the others being: King Lear, Othello andRead MoreA Great Debacle: A Look Inside Macbeth’s Intentions1048 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, a mighty commander during the 11th century is pictured as a loyal warlord for King Duncan. Macbeth seemingly values loyalty so much that he would never consider betraying his king, unlike the previous Thane of Cawdor. However, this changes when three witches confront Macbeth and Banquo and foretell their future fates. After their conversation finishes, Macbeth’s loyalty is constantly seen chipped away as more of his thought are revealed. Eventually, as he losesRead MoreLady Macbeth: the Slayer of King Duncan899 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth: The slayer of King Duncan In the 7th grade I was suspended from school for being an â€Å"instigator.† I would cause disputes by persuading individuals who didn’t like one another, to hate one another. I’d gradually use my dynamic lingo to provoke the victims in the so called scuffle to get to that final step where they’d lose it and fight. I got what I wanted by manipulating the ones who were vulnerable and unsure what to do when placed in a troubling situation. Understanding theRead MoreRelationship Between Macbeth And Lady Macbeth745 Words   |  3 PagesChristina James Ms. Berryman Academic English III, Period 1 21 December, 2015 Relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in The Tragedy of Macbeth In relationships, the power given to both partners must be balanced in order to have any success. Once one person feels they are above the other one, chaos and anger might result. Back in the Elizabethan era, men and women had two completely different roles in society, the roles of women were very limited. Men were superior and were considered as leadersRead MoreLady Macbeth Ambition Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeths own abition is the real driving force behind Macbeths actions Discuss In play Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is one of William Shakespeare’s most dominant and frightening female characters, known for her ambitious nature. As Macbeth’s wife, her role is significant in his rise and fall from royalty. During Shakespearean times, women were regarded as weak insignificant beings that were there to give birth and look beautiful. They were not thought to be as intelligent or equal to men. ThoughRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Make Lady Macbeths Character Dramatic and Interesting?763 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes Lady Macbeth more dramatic and interesting by making her seem unlike the average woman of the Elizabethan era and giving her the opinion that she is physically and mentally stronger than Macbeth. Lady Macbeth claims that Macbeth doesn’t know what he is talking about and that he was acting as if he was drunk when they agreed to the murder, and as such she is insulting his intelligence and loyalty. â€Å"Was the hope drunk wherein you dressed yourself?† This shows that once Macbeth had changedRead MoreLady Macbeth940 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth Shakespeare, who was a writer born in Stratford-upon-Avon created many different plays, in which he always portrayed the woman as the â€Å"bad guy.† He was born in 1564 and he was a writer, actor and a dramatist. He wrote many plays, mostly revolving around tragedy such as: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth. Shakespeare was a respected poet, and writer who received recognition after he passed away, April 23rd. 1616. One of Shakespeare’s well-known tragic plays ``Macbeth`` describes howRead MoreCharacters In Macbeth1057 Words   |  5 PagesFirst produced in 1606 and first published in 1623, Shakespeare’s Macbeth play is an English, drama-based play centered on tragedy in the eleventh century. Macbeth’s primary characters include: Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, King Duncan, Malcolm, Banquo, and Macduff. Other characters in the work include the Three Witches, Malcolm, Hecate, Fleance, Lennox, Ross, The Murderers, Porter, Lady Macduff, and Donalbain. The main se tting of the play is in Scotland, along with some areas that are briefly in England

Long Attention Span May Be Resistant To Interruption Education Essay Free Essays

The cause of giftedness is still problematic. It could be a familial or environment factor or both. Current believing suggests that the importance of the cistron is greater, though without appropriate nutriment, the talented kid ‘s possible can frequently stay unrealized. We will write a custom essay sample on Long Attention Span May Be Resistant To Interruption Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are some indexs which may propose a kid is gifted. Some features of giftedness: Reads early with great comprehension Learns faster with less repeat and pattern Has a long attending span ; may be immune to interruption Understands and makes abstractions earlier ; may disregard inside informations Is funny and tends to inquire complex questions/Likes to cognize why and how things happen Is speedy to acknowledge relationships, including cause-effect ; may hold trouble accepting the unlogical Is bored with everyday undertakings Has big vocabulary and expresses himself good Is emotionally sensitive/may overreact Is a acute and watchful perceiver Evaluates facts, statements, and individuals critically/May be self-critical, impatient or critical of others High energy Learns by experimenting and manipulating objects ; attempts to happen replies to inquiries in unusual ways Is originative, imaginative and original. Displaies extremely developed sense of wit ; understands gags that age equal would non The above features of the talented kids set them apart from the others. We would be incorrect if we were to state that talented kids are all-around. The fact that this group of pupils who have been singled out and labeled as â€Å" talented † , are frequently mistaken as sole group of elitists. As a consequence, they are being left out from their equals. The giftedness do hold a great impact in their lives. The great disagreement between a talented kid ‘s strengths and failings makes him/her difficult to suit anyplace and therefore behavioural jobs occur. The perfectionism in talented pupils leads to high grade of self-criticism, competition and/or unrealistic public presentation outlooks. Hence, given the intense desire to fulfill wonder, they feel restricted in analysing a problem-based acquisition if there is clip allotment. Task would be excessively easy or excessively hard for them that limits the pupils ‘ possibility for success. The talented pupils normally do non hold accurate self-knowledge about their ability. They are ace sensitive to societal feedback. Their desire for independency leads to efforts to command the state of affairs. Unfortunately, instructors and others frequently have unrealistic outlooks of high public presentation in all countries systematically, but are uncomfortable with differentness and fear superior cognition. When individualism is non valued in for the talented pupils, it will take them to societal isolation because there is no positive function theoretical account present and that their desir es and abilities may non fit chances. When utilizing advanced job resolution, gifted pupils tend to pull strings their equals and instructor. They are non interested in memorisation, repeat, or lower degrees of believing. They are unable to command their emotions and easy frustrated, embarrassed or aggressive toward people who create obstructions. This hinders them to hold energy to prevail to completion of a end. This could be due to school activities, which are non differentiated or disputing or offer no deepness and complexness. Teachers should non label the talented pupils for their differences and avoid them. They label them to understand them, their background and their strengths so that they can make an inclusive acquisition environment. The instructors ‘ beliefs are really of import. Differences should be seen as a norm instead than the exclusion and that every kid is alone. The actions from the instructors can do a difference in the kid ‘s life be it at present or in the hereafter. When the instructors show regard and attention to the pupils, they influence the pupils to make the same to others To supply the demands of the talented pupils in the mainstream schoolrooms and maximise everyone ‘s chance and potency, instructors can tap on these attacks: collaborative acquisition, real-life context acquisition and autonomous acquisition. The ultimate end is to allow pupils to larn about the contents than the instructors giving all the replies, instructors ‘ function is to place cardinal constructs, rules and generalisation of content country indispensable for all pupils to hold on. Through collaborative acquisition, pupils with different strengths can work together and they process information in multiple ways, giving more thoughts to a group work. This helps talented pupils to expose their strength, pulling their wonder and sharing penetrations with the remainder of the category. In real-life context acquisition, pupils get to see what is taught beyond text editions, so that talented pupils would non easy acquire bored. And eventually, with autonomous acquisition, pupils get to take the country of involvements and read up utilizing multiple texts and a assortment of resource stuffs. These give freedom and independency for acquisition, and besides transfuse the ownership of the pupils ‘ work. â€Å" Cipher sees the air current ; neither you, nor I. But when the trees bow down their caputs, the air current is go throughing by. † Merely as we can non see the air current, we can non happen, run on, or transplant intelligence. Yet we see the working or manifestations of intelligence in the behaviours of people. Gifted pupils do non hold the ability to place their strengths, so make their equals and instructors. But if the instructors believe in them and set up a civilization that values and purchases on diverse endowments, non merely will the talented pupils will profit, all kids would be nurtured, developed and challenged in this inclusive acquisition community in a more pregnant manner. This is when we realize and treasure their intelligence. ( 1069 words ) How to cite Long Attention Span May Be Resistant To Interruption Education Essay, Essay examples

Meeting Customer Needs free essay sample

The marketing department then plays an important role in taking these goods and services to market through all the channels the business sells through. Customer expectations are beliefs about service delivery that serve as standards or reference points against which performance is judged. Because customers compare their perceptions of performance with these reference points when evaluating service quality, thorough knowledge about customer expectations is critical to services marketers. Knowing what the customer expects is the first and possibly most critical step in delivering good quality service. Being wrong about what customers want can mean losing a customer’s business when another company hits the target exactly. Being wrong can also mean expending money, time and other resources on things that do not count to the customer. Being wrong can even mean not surviving in a ? ercely competitive market (Woodruff, 1987). With the popularity of sports increasing rapidly among the youth of today, the businessmen have devised several different means of boosting their business with the help of the sports. One such way is the manufacturing and sale of sports merchandise, that includes articles like shoes, socks, bags and jerseys that are worn by the popular sportsmen. The game of basketball has also not remained untouched of such aspects. After years of having to search high and low for basketball gear, or pay extortionate shipping fees to get goods sent over from the US, the NBA has announced a new online store will be launched for international customers. NBAstore-eu has been launched in September, 2012, featuring a wide range of NBA-branded goods (NBAstore-eu, 2012). The site is available in English, French, Italian and Spanish with further languages to be developed. Fans will be able to make purchases in local currency and will benefit from a centralized European distribution point saving on transit time and shipping costs. Local language customer service will further enhance the e-commerce retail experience (NBAstore-eu, 2012). This report is to find out a discrepancy is there between what the customer would like and what the NBAstore-eu is providing. This report is from operations and marketing aspects to identify and analyse the problems which might cause the discrepancy. In the end, the report is going to give some recommendations to improve the match between expectation and delivery. 2. 0 Identification and Analysis of the Problems 2. 1 The Problems of NBAstore-eu NBAstore. eu is aiming to put an end to the days that fans only can buy official jerseys or team products from NBAstore in the USA and pay a lot of delivery fees (NBAstore-eu, 2012). On the other side, the fans of NBA in Europe are the target customers of NBAstore-eu, what the expectation of customers is to get the varieties of products from NBAstore-eu and pay less delivery fees to support their favourite team. Therefore, the current market/customer expectations of the NBAstore-eu and the purpose of catering service are coincident. However, the researcher discovers that there is a mismatch between what marketing has identified and operational activity actually delivers. Some fans state that (Appendix) the products that NBAstore-eu provide are much less than NBAstore in USA and the price of products is even expensive than other NBAstore all over the world. Obviously, there is discrepancy between customers’ expectation and what NBAstore-eu has brought to them. 2. 2 Marketing Analysis There is no doubt that the National Basketball Association (NBA) is considered by many sports analysts as a top marketed professional sport (Salzberg, 1998). Nowadays, the fan base in Europe is growing rapidly because of superior performance of the European players in NBA. Such as Dirk Nowitzki, the best european player in NBA who is a German has carried his team Dallas Mavericks to win the 2011 NBA championship. Andrea Bargnani, who is Italian and plays for Toronto Raptors, was selected first overall in the 2006 NBA Draft. Luol Deng is Bristish who plays for Chicago Bulls, and selected for his NBA All-star game during the 2011-2012 season. Tony Parker is a french who plays for San Antonio Spurs, he has helped the team won three championships, selected as 2007 NBA Finals’ MVP and 4-time All-star. At last, Spain, provide a lot of greater players to NBA, and the spain national team nearly beat the USA dream team in 2008 and 2012 Olympic Games. According to Ian Whittell’s (2007) report, Today, millions of basketball fans across Europe have a wide range of ways in which they can watch their heroes and favorite teams competing live at the business end of the season even if there is always the curse of time difference to overcome. The nature of the league means overseas interest is also an ever-evolving and changing entity. Great Britain has never been considered a hoops hotbed, but generations of basketball fans who were attracted to the sport by Michael Jordan and his glory years with the Chicago Bulls have this week been able to watch two players who could star for the British team at the 2012 London Olympics Luol Deng and Ben Gordon dismantle the defending champion Miami Heat (Daisy, 2007). Fans in Europe are watching a lot more basketball now and so they are better educated, says Rich Sheubrooks (2007), who combines his duties as Nike global basketball consultant with those of global scouting director for the Memphis Grizzlies from his base in Barcelona. As there is millions of fans in Europe and the amount is growing, set up a NBAstore-eu is a wise move for NBA to expand the Europe marketing. But NBAstore-eu now haven’t reached the customers’ expectation due to the products and prices iss ues. 2. 2. 1 Products Analysis NBA jerseys were once only for people who religiously followed a particular team whereas nowadays people may just be wearing a jerseys because they like the design. Basketball jerseys have also become a fashion statement and people who don’t even watch NBA can be seen wearing them, it has have the name and reputation of nike with michael jordan backing it up as well as the classic styling that will keep in fashion for a very long time too. To the fans, wearing nba jerseys also helps fans to feel like they belong to a group. It is one of the best ways to distinguish who supports which team and helps fellow fans gather together, NBA jerseys can provide good quality as well as dealing with a reputable. As the major items for sale on NBA stores, the number of jerseys in NBAstore-eu is far less than NBAstore. For some famous team, the number of jerseys on sale in NBAstore-eu is only one-seventh as the number of NBAstore. Figure1 shows the huge mismatch of five famous teams’ jerseys on sale between NBAstore-eu and NBAstore. | |NBAstore. eu |NBAstore. om | |Teams | | | |Stores | | | |Boston Celtics |13 |108 | |Miami Heat |12 |113 | |Los Angeles Lakers |21 |101 | |New Yorks Knicks |5 |85 | |Chicago Bulls |17 |84 | |Total |68 |491 | Figure 1: Comparison the numbers of five famous NBA teams’ jerseys on sale. (Sources from www. nbastore. eu and store. nba. com) There are two main types of NBA jerseys, one is called swingman jersey, and the other is called replica jersey. Replica jersey is cheaper and the numbers and names are ironed on, the swingman jerseys are the ones that the numbers and names are stitched on and they are a little more expensive, most people prefer swingman jerseys because the look a lot better. Jerseys in NBAstore-eu are major make up by replica jerseys, on the other hand, the jerseys in NBAstore are most make up by swingman jerseys. According to a basketball fan who live in England and he said that (Appendix), â€Å"I prefer swingman jerseys, because replica jerseys are for those people who don’t care about basketball and just like to wear it when they go to sleep, and a true baller or people that care about their swagger would never even wear a replica jersey. Also, even though the swingman is a little bit expensive than replica jersey, but the quality is much more better. † The varieties style of jerseys can be seen in NBA games. Normally the players are wearing home jerseys or away jerseys. Sometimes, the away team needs to wear secondary away jerseys owing to long time journey. Moreover, some special designed jerseys for holidays are awesome and attractive. For examples, NBA has present special jerseys every year for St. Patrick’s Day and Latin Nights, and for the 2012 Chrismas Day, several new style jerseys called big color jersey have been presented. Also NBAstore provide some fashion jersey, which can’t be seen in the games, but they all have unique nice-looking appearance. Customers can purchase all kinds of jersey on NBAstore, but in NBAstore-eu, there are just a few styles of jersey on sale, even through the advertisement of the big color jerseys for the Chrismas can be seen in each commercial channel of NBA, but there is still no stock of the jerseys in NBAstore-eu. Customize jerseys are the special offer for customers in NBA official stores, customers can buy each team’s jersey or t-shirt what ever replica or swingman with their own name or number on it. It is an attractive deal for customers, but NBAstore-eu only provide customize jerseys of two teams, and no swingman option. As the target market of NBAstore-eu is the European market, the jerseys of European players must be an important part. Research has found that there is no Jersey of Luol Deng in NBAstore-eu (Appendix), Deng is the best British player in NBA and definitely became an all-star player last season. It is not prudent for NBAstore-eu to miss his jersey on sale. Compare the products on sale in the outlet of NBAstore-eu and NBAstore, the number of products on sale is 503 to 448. NBAstore-eu have more products in the outlet, it seems like NBAstore-eu have beaten the flagship store at this point, but the numbers occasionally can not state the truth. The products in the outlet of NBAstore-eu are most make up by headwears and souvenirs, there are 371 products in these two parts, these products are hard to stimulate the customers’ desire to buy, and there are only 19 jerseys on sale. On the other hand, the products in the outlet of NBAstore are most make up by jerseys, t-shirts and shorts, there are 140 jerseys on sale, so that the quality of the outlet is easy to identify. 2. 2. Price Promotion Analysis There is also a discrepancy between customers’ expectation and the price of products in NBAstore-eu. As the NBA is a league in USA, so the price in NBAstore can be the standard price. In NBAstore, the price of standard replica jerse y is $59. 99, the price of standard swingman jersey is $89. 99, and the price of customize replica jersey is $54. 99. In NBAstore-eu, the price of standard replica jersey is ? 45. 00, the price of standard swingman jersey is ? 65. 00, and the price of customize replica jersey is ? 55. 00. Research has found that the price of NBA official store in China is also a valuable data to analysis. In China, the price of replica and swingman jersey is ? 390 and ? 580 respectively. Figure2 shows the price comparison of three NBA official stores. |Type of Jersey |NBAstore. com |NBAstore. eu |NBAstore. cn | |Stores | | | | |Replica Jersey |$59. 99 37. 3 |? 45 |? 390 39 | |Swingman Jersey |$89. 99 56 |? 65 |? 580 8 | |Customize Jersey |$54. 99 34. 2 |? 55 |- | Figure 2: Price comparison of three NBA main official stores. (Sources from www. nbastore. eu, store. nba. com and www. nbastore. cn) As the figure2 shows that NBAstore-eu is the most expensive store, the price of jersey in NBAstore-eu in far more expensive than the other two. Considering the tax fee for overseas products, but NBAstore-eu is still expensive than NBAstore-cn. One of the core ideas to launch NBAstore-eu is aiming to put an end to the days of giving money to friends who are visiting USA to bring back a ton of stuff. Nevertheless, the fact is that with NBAstore-eu has set up for more than three months, ask friends who are going to USA to bring some NBA stuffs back may still save money. Moreover, research has found that sometimes purchase a swingman jersey from NBAstore even cheaper than NBAstore-eu for people living in England. Normally, if customers are living in the UK, to buy a swingman jersey from NBAstore-eu cost ? 65 and ? 4. 95 for shipping fee, total ? 69. 95. Buy a swingman jersey from NBAstore cost total $134. 33 (including international shipping fee and tax), the price is approaching to ? 82. 6, so normally purchase from NBAstore-eu when customers are in Europe is cheaper. Nevertheless, sometimes, like for some holidays, sellers always make discount for promotion. Just like the Black Friday in 2012, NBAstore-eu provided 15% discount of every single product, so the charge of a swingman jersey is simply total ? 60. 2. Meanwhile, NBAstore presented 20% discount promotion code, and the big difference is that the discount is for entire order, so that means the charge of a swingman jersey is barely ? 66 for orders in the UK. Although purchase a swingman jersey from NBAstore is still more expensive, but the variety of products there is much more than NBAstore-eu. Six pounds differential but considerably more options, and chances to get products that NBAstore-eu do not have. Obviously many customers will prefer to NBAstore, the promotion make NBAstore-eu in an embarrassing positon. [pic] Figure 3: Comparison of the intensity of promotion. Source from www. nbastore. eu and store. nba. com) 2. 3 SWOT Analysis NBAstore-eu have some strengths that the shipping time is shorter than buy goods from other official stores, and the products have guaranteed qual ity. Additionally, there is more accessories products than retailers. The weaknesses of NBAstore-eu as mentioned before are the products, prices and promotion. NBAstore-eu also have great opportunities to gain more profits because europe is a huge market, and it is merely explored a small part. Moreover, the fan base is growing rapidly. The retailers or similar online stores in Europe are few, so that there are little competitors. The main threats of NBAstore-eu are the sellers on ebay. co. uk. Because some similar products on ebay are cheaper than the official website. Moreover, basketball is not the most famous sports in most European countries, so other sports will lead to customer segmentation, then the amount of customer will decrease. |Strengths |Weaknesses | |? Faster delivery for European fans |? Far more less products than flagship store | |? Guaranteed product quality |? Higher price than other official stores | |? More accessories than retailers |? Intensity of promotion is low | |Opportunities |Threats | |? Huge explorable market |? Sellers on ebay. co. uk | |? Few of competitors |? Better products from other official stores | |? Fan base growing rapidly |? Other sports led to customer segmentation | Figure 4: SWOT analysis for NBAstore-eu 3. 0 Conclusion The report has analysis the current problems for NBAstore-eu. The principal problems are products, prices and promotion. The intent and purpose of set up a NBAstore for European are great, but those problems make NBAstore-eu have a colossal mismatch to the expectation of customers. The types of products there are much fewer than expectation, many customers can’t get what they want from the NBAstore-eu. The prices there are not fair to the customers in Europe. The prices there are more expensive than other NBA stores. That means if the customers are going to buy something in NBAstore-eu, they need to pay more money and get fewer options. Moreover, the promotion intensity of NBAstore-eu is not as good as others. In general, these three big problems led a huge discrepancy to the expectation of customers. If those problems can’t be solved, there will be a giant mess for NBAstore-eu. The report has also used SWOT analysis, the results show that the NBAstore-eu not only have some drawbacks, but also have some strengths, opportunities and threats. The shorter shipping time is the core strengths for NBAstore-eu for sure, and the products have guaranteed quality. As the Europe is a huge explorable market with an increasing number of fans, it is a big opportunity for NBAstore-eu to occupy the market. Besides, NBAstore-eu have some threats from the retails in europe, such as sellers on ebay, and other sports will segment the market, that’s also a threat. 4. 0 Recommendations As the intent and purpose of set up NBAstore-eu is providing excellent services and products for customers in Europe. In order to give European customers chance to buy products with minor time and the shipping fee. The expectation of customers is the same as the aiming of NBAstore-eu. As a matter of fact, the NBAstore-eu provide few products and more expensive prices than purpose. In order to solve the problem of products, NBAstore-eu need to import more products. As jerseys are the major commodities for NBA stores, first of all, NBAstore-eu should import more jerseys, specially the jerseys for European players, such as the missing one of Loul Deng. NBAstore-eu as a branch of NBAstore, the amount of products there are no need as much as the flagship, but the jerseys of famous players is still needed, just don’t miss the products for those all-star players though, that can reach the expectation of customers. Second, NBAstore-eu need to import products which are selling well in the NBAstore. Such as new style jerseys, and those hot swingman jerseys. The styles of jerseys in NBAstore-eu are fewer, so NBAstore-eu need some more styles of jerseys in order to create additional profit. NBAstore-eu need to import more swingman jerseys than replica jerseys, because swingman jerseys are more admired than replica jerseys. Third, NBAstore-eu need to offer more options for customers to customize their jerseys or t-shirts. For personal, some customers may want their own name and number on their favourite jerseys, customize products also can be a wise choice as a special gift. Meanwhile, some sport teams may need the fashion jersey of NBA teams as their team jersey, so customize jersey may become their choice. Furthermore, some fans may like to have a NBA team t-shirt with their own name on it, that’s also opportunities for NBAstore-eu to gain more profits. The price issue is also a barrier for NBAstore-eu to reach the expectation of customers. As Figure2 shows, the prices in NBAstore-eu are extremely expensive than NBAstore. There is approximately ? 8 differential for a replica jersey, ? 9 differential for a swingman jersey and ? 21 differential for a customize replica jersey. Considering the international tax fee, for customers in the UK to buy one swingman jersey from NBAstore, the international handling fee is about $20 (See figure5), it is about 22% as the price of the products for retail. Despite the fact that the international handling fee is existing, but the price there is just 122% or more as the price of products in NBAstore. It’s no doubt the international shipping fee is expensive, but one of the aiming of NBAstore-eu is to provide short shipping time and products with cheaper shipping fee. For customers in the UK to purchase some something from NBAstore-eu, they still need to pay ? 4. 95 for standard delivery or ? 6. 95 for express delivery. The conclusion is the price in NBAstore-eu is higher than customers’ expectation, the NBAstore-eu need to reduce the price. The international tax and shipping fee are two factors that can’t be ignored, but in China, the prices in NBAstore-cn are still cheaper than NBAstore-eu. The price in NBAstore-cn can be a worthwhile indicative price for NBAstore-eu to reach the expectation of customers. [pic] Figure 5: Price details for purchasing a swingman jersey from NBAstore for customers in UK. (Sources from: store. nba. com) NBAstore-eu has just set up for more than three months, it’s a quite new branch in Europe. Promotion is an essential element in the marketing mix. Its a tool used by businesses, both large and small, to inform, persuade and remind customers about the products and services they have to offer. Without business promotion, companies would be stagnant and lack substantial growth because their brands would have low visibility in the market (Miranda, 2012). Promotion can help an organization: ? Increases Awareness ? Increases Product Knowledge and Preference Increases Retailers ? Increases Sales As a new branch, NBAstore-eu need those benefits. Basing on the current situation, the promotion intensity of NBAstore-eu is low, so NBAstore-eu need make reinforce the intensity of promotion. For example, NBAstore-eu can deliver more advertisements through more media in order to increase awareness. Then, NBAstore-eu can provide discounts on festival days to attract more customers, make sure the intensity of discount is not lower than NBAstore. Good promotion also can help NBAstore-eu to get the opportunities, mentioned on SWOT analysis, occupy the European market. Reference List: Daisy Caton-Jones. (2007). NBA fans in a London sports bar watch the Bulls beat the Heat on Sunday. [Online]http://sports. espn. go. com/nba/playoffs2007/news/story? id=2854150 [Accessed 3rd Jan, 2013] Gartner, Inc. (2010). Gartner Research. [Online]http://www. gartner. com/technology/research. jsp [Accessed 5th Dec, 2010]. Ian Whittell. (2007). Fans in Europe tune in for NBA action [Online]http://sports. espn. go. com/nba/playoffs2007/news/story? id=2854150 [Accessed 3rd Jan, 2013] Miranda Brookins. (2012). Why Is Promotion Important for a Business? [online]http://www. ehow. com/about_7221403_promotion-important-business_. html [Accessed 3rd Jan, 2013] Peters, T. (1987). Thriving on Chaos: Handbook for a Management Revolution. London: Pan, p. 43. R. B. Woodruff, E. R. Cadotte and R. L. Jenkins. (1987). ‘Expectations and norms in models of consumer satisfaction’, Journal of Marketing Research 24, pp. 305–14. Salzberg, Charles. (1998). From Set Shot to Slam Dunk. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-8032-9250-5. Appendix: (Interview of a basketball fan who always wearing NBA jerseys and plays basketball in Gloucester) Researcher: Do you know there is a new NBA store launched for European customers recently? Fan: Yes, but I haven’t bought anything from there yet. All the jerseys I got are brought from ebay or NBAstore. Researcher: Why don’t you try NBAstore-eu? That store are aiming to provide products for European customers. Fan: I have viewed the website several times, but I didn’t find something I’d like to buy. I’d like to buy a Luol Deng jersey recently, but I can’t find it on NBAstore-eu. I think the products there are scarce, and the styles of products there are out of fashion. There are not many options, maybe that store didn’t import new products very often. Researcher: If you buy jerseys from NBAstore, that will charge you a lot of shipping fee and tax fee, right? Fan: Yes, absolutely. Regardless of the fact that, I prefer to pay a little more to get what I really want. Researcher: Do you ever think about to buy something from NBAstore-eu? You can pay a little delivery fee and get the products in shorter time. Fan: No, the prices there are expensive. I don’t know why, much expensive than the standard price in US. I rather to buy something from ebay, that also will charge me a little delivery fee and shorter time. Researcher: But the products from sellers on ebay are having no assured quality, how about if you buy something that is fake? Fan: I don’t worry about that, the major items I’d like to buy are jerseys, and I have the experience, I know how to identify whether the jersey is authentic or not. Researcher: What kind of jersey do you prefer? Swingman or replica? Fan: I prefer swingman jerseys, because replica jerseys are for those people who don’t care about basketball and just like to wear it when they go to sleep, and a true baller or people that care about their swagger would never even wear a replica jersey. Also, even though the swingman is a little bit expensive than replica jersey, but the quality is much more better. Researcher: How do you think the promotion of NBAstore-eu? Fan: I don’t know. Probably it is a poor effort, I haven’t seen much advertisement of it. The way why I know NBAstore-eu is because I’m a member of NBAstore, and I received a e-mail from NBAstore to notice me that. Researcher: If NBAstore-eu can provide more refined products with smart

How to Write Hook For Essay and What to Consider

When it comes to essay writing, students often experience lots of struggles. The writing process might be challenging by itself, but it's not the only challenge students face. They also need to stick to a certain writing style, which means paying a lot of attention to the details. They also need to make their writing not simply informative but also interesting to read - and this means catching the readers' attention and holding it until the very end of an essay. The latter is nearly impossible to achieve without coming with a proper essay hook. What is a hook in an essay? A hook in essay is its first (or first two) sentences. It is a part of an introduction, so it has to relate to the essay in general. But what's even more important is that it has to catch the readers' attention at the same time. If a person who reads the first couple of sentences decides they want to continue reading, this means that the hook is written properly. Why is an essay hook so important? Before you start asking yourself "How to write a hook for an essay?", you probably might ask "Why do I need to write one?". Why catching the readers' attention so quickly is so important? Isn't an essay just a task my professor assigned? Wouldn't they be interested in reading it anyway? Sure, as it's about completing an assignment, your professor is definitely going to read this. But this still doesn't mean you shouldn't do your best to impress them with a hook. While the main goal of an essay is to give information about a certain topic, this still doesn't mean this essay should be dull and boring. Professors give you writing assignments not only because they want you to learn how to research, how to formulate your opinion, and how to defend it. They also want you to learn how to write compelling texts that can engage the audience. You might not need to write any academic papers once you graduate but there's still a chance you'll need to write something, be it articles, books, presentations, and cover letters. In any of those cases catching the readers' attention right from the start is crucial - so you'd better start learning how to do so while you're still in college. While first one or two sentences might not yet tell the readers what your essay is about, they do make an impression, even if it's the first one. This impression might change as they read the rest of your essay, but it might not as well. So work hard to create that good first impression. How to write a good hook for an essay? Now that you know why coming up with a strong hook is so important, you might be a bit more eager to learn how to make a hook for an essay. Of course, it isn't easy. There are different types of hooks - but before you even start choosing some of them, you need to know for sure what your essay is going to say. So ask yourself some questions first: Which type of essay do I need to write? Who's my audience? Which guidelines do I have? Am I able to choose a style or a tone or do I have specific requirements about that? What would the structure of my essay be? If you need to craft a serious essay, starting it with an anecdote hook wouldn't be appropriate. If you need to write a good hook for an analytical essay, choosing some personal facts not related to the topic won't do. That's why answering the questions listed above will make it much easier for you. Types of hooks If you look at hooks and attention grabbers examples, you'll see that all the hooks are different. To make it easier for you, we want to offer you a list of the most commonly used hooks. 1. Quotes An appropriate quote makes your essay look more sophisticated. However, not any essay should start with a quote. For example, if you check out argumentative essay hook examples, you'll see that many of them are quotes from certain authoritative and influential people. Such quotes also suit analytical essays well as they offer some interesting information from a relevant source. When it comes to essays about books, authors, stories, literature reviews, and so on, you can also use book quote as a hook. This will make your essay sound fresher. However, in any case, you should avoid quotes that are very common - otherwise, your writing might look cliche, not fresh. 2. Statistics Those, who want to learn how to write a good hook for an argumentative essay, might want to pay special attention to this part. Using statistical data as a hook helps to create interest. It also shows that you did your research well. Statistical data works best with essays that are research-heavy and serious. But it won't work with personal ones, literature ones, descriptive ones, etc. 3. Interesting facts One of the most common types of hooks. It works well with most of the essays and helps to surprise the readers with information that might be new and fresh to them. Of course, this information has to be relevant to essay's topic somehow. However, in some cases you might try stating a fact that doesn't seem to relate to your essay, tying it to the topic right after and surprising your readers even more. But remember to be very careful with this. 4. Misconception revealing People like to stick to their beliefs - but they also like to be taught something new. So when you start your essay with revealing that some of the common truths are actually false, you'll kill two birds with one stone. First, you'll provoke an emotional reaction in your readers. Second, you'll indeed teach many of them something new. 5. Questions If a question is constructed well enough and is provoking by its nature, it will help you hook the readers. They would want to read the rest of your essay to find the answer to that question. However, you should be careful here. Keep in mind that questions that can be answered "Yes" or "No" aren't very effective. Pick questions carefully as well: they should be provocative enough but not offensive, and encourage the readers to think critically. 6. Anecdotes Telling anecdotes isn't equal to making your essay look funny - as long as they are appropriate, of course. A properly chosen anecdote sets the right mood, making the readers react more positively to the rest of your essay as well. Just don't forget that this would work for essays that are more personal. Also, avoid using anecdotes in the admission essays - the admission board might appreciate them but also might not react to them well. Don't take a risk when the result is so important to you. 7. Scenes When you're writing a personal essay, a descriptive one, and so on, you can be a bit more creative. A good way to show your creativity is to create a picture with the help of your writing. This could be a scene where the events of an essay took place or some features of a character or a person you're writing about. 8. Thesises Sometimes it's also good to get straight to the point, especially if your essay's topic is serious. Stating your thesis in the first sentence is very effective if the thesis is formulated right. The readers would be interested in reading the rest of the essay to find out how did you come up with this idea. Now that you know which types of hooks exist, it would be much easier for you to choose a certain type to start your essay writing with. Take some time to think, come up with a few ideas, choose wisely - and you'll have an impressive essay hook faster than you imagined!

Chicago vs. Turabian (3 Key Questions)

Chicago vs. Turabian (3 Key Questions) Chicago vs. Turabian (3 Key Questions) There are many referencing systems used in academic writing. And many of these systems look similar at first glance. But possibly the most confusing are â€Å"Chicago† and â€Å"Turabian† style referencing. How do they differ? And does it matter which one you use? Let us explain. 1. What Are Chicago and Turabian Referencing? When people refer to â€Å"Chicago referencing,† they mean the citation style set out in The Chicago Manual of Style. Sometimes known as CMoS for short, this style guide is published by the University of Chicago Press and aimed at professional scholars and publishers. â€Å"Turabian referencing,† meanwhile, refers to the citation style set out in Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. But this is actually a simplified version of the citation style in CMoS, aimed specifically at students and focused on academic writing. Style manuals published by the University of Chicago Press. 2. How Do Chicago and Turabian Differ? In practice, there are no real differences between â€Å"Chicago† and â€Å"Turabian† referencing. You can see this if you look at the examples of Turabian and Chicago book citations from the CMoS site: Chicago 1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time  (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16. Turabian 2. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25. As you can see, the format here is identical in each case. The same is true for other source types. There are some differences between the two style guides as a whole. But these simply reflect the Turabian style guide’s focus on students rather than publishers. As such, the Turabian guide: Is significantly shorter than the full CMoS due to not including information about preparing book manuscripts and journal articles for publication Contains a section on how to write and structure a research paper Features less information on grammar, spelling, and word usage Turabian is therefore much better if you are looking for specific advice on writing a college paper rather than a general style guide. 3. Which Referencing System Should I Use? The Chicago and Turabian style guides are tailored to different audiences, so you may want to use the one most suited to your needs. However, both style guides recommend the same approach to referencing sources, so it does not make a difference from this perspective. In other words, advice on how to cite a source in Chicago referencing will also apply to Turabian referencing. And advice on Turabian referencing will apply to Chicago style, too. The more important question is which version of Chicago/Turabian referencing you’re using: Notes and bibliography style, which requires referencing sources in footnotes as well as giving publication information in a bibliography. Author–date style, which uses in-text citations plus a reference list. As a general rule, footnote referencing is more common in the humanities, while author–date referencing is used in the physical and social sciences. However, make sure to check your school’s style guide or ask a professor if you are not 100% sure about which approach to use in your work.

International Operational and Logistical Strategies Essay

International Operational and Logistical Strategies - Essay Example They include: 1) Integrating all system transactions with a similar system 2) Sharing common data and practices across the entire business enterprise 3) Production of relevant information that can be used during the process of making decisions. There are a number of benefits associated with Enterprise Resource Planning and they include: Automation of business processes which enhances performance. For instance, the system indicates the consequences of all the decisions. Reduces costs by reducing levels of inventory within the business processes. Ensures free flow of information among all business processes. Improves communication throughout the organization. ERP systems that are highly customized can deliver better opportunities for competitive advantage. Improves the relationship between the organization and its stakeholders. Provides easier import and export of data. ERP has a number of components that enable it work properly and improve performance among different business processe s. ... However, there are a number of disadvantages associated with such systems. They include: High costs of switching to and from ERP systems Creates unnecessary dependencies Requires extensive training which may have high cost implications Unsuitable for production planning and supply chain management 2. Supply Chain and Application of supply chain and logistical tools and techniques This section gives an analysis of the operations management of Apple Inc with regards to it production, marketing, supply chain management and sale of its products. An assessment of the company will be done with respect to its background information, history and the types of goods and services that it sells in the industry that it operates. The supply chain characteristics of the firm will also be highlighted and evaluated so as to offer postulations on what ought to be done so as to increase its profitability (Apple Inc, 2012). Aspects relating to its competitive advantage in the global business, production processes and customer satisfaction will be highlighted. This means that the technology used and commitment to quality and excellence will as also be assessed. This is aimed at ascertaining the operational planning of the company with regard to major organizational models that enhance efficacy and success. History and Background of Apple Inc. Apple Inc. was initially called Apple Computer Inc, it is an internationally recognized company that produces and sells computers, computer software and other forms of consumer electronics such as iPods, iPads and iPhones. The firm is diversified and offers mobile communication and media devices as well as selling related software. It is an American corporation with its headquarters in Cupertino, California. The company has over 250 retail

How, if at all, are 'Thatcherism' and 'New Labour' interrelated Essay

How, if at all, are 'Thatcherism' and 'New Labour' interrelated - Essay Example He was the first serious politician of the left to appreciate the legacy of Mrs. Thatcher and was able, unlike his predecessors, to operate in the post-Thatcher world. Blair identified where the new centre was and quickly occupied it, leading to many branding him as a ‘closet Tory’. However, we have to decide whether he merely stripped down socialism to make it acceptable in post-Thatcher Britain or whether he has taken certain social democratic values and added them to a variant of free market neo-liberalism that was prevalent in Thatcherism. Although there seems to be a significant continuation of policy in many areas, this may have been necessary for Labour to win back lost electoral ground by pursuing a large degree of conformation to the highly successful Thatcherite campaigns. It is therefore necessary to compare Thatcherite and New Labour policies before we can say how interrelated the two ideologies are. Is the ‘Third Way merely a more compassionate version of Thatcherism or is it a new ideology, combining traditional social democratic values with neo-liberal tendencies that have grounded themselves in British politics? Free trade ideology developed out of Adam Smith’s distinctive contribution to the eighteenth-century European Enlightenment and reached its apogee in the Liberalism of William Gladstone, and so forth. (3) The importance of Thatcherism, therefore, lay not in the novelty of its ideas but in the context of their operation in the late 1970s and 1980s. Thatcherism as an ideology stood for a limited but firm government, the rolling back of the welfare state, the end of consensus politics and a staunchly anti-European and independent attitude on many vital issues. (Adams 1998, p. 95) The question of just how successful the Thatcher revolution was in making Britain a better place is a matter of fierce controversy. How

Removal of TBP From Aqueous Phase

Removal of TBP From Aqueous Phase ABSTRACT PUREX process involves the use of 30% TBP in Dodecane to extract the fissile materials. However, due to mutual solubility some amount of TBP gets transferred into the aqueous phase. This transferred TBP leads to many environmental problems. Removal of this TBP from aqueous phase is of prime concern which can be done by contacting it with an organic diluent. UNIFAC and Uniquac methods have been used to describe Liquid Liquid equilibrium (LLE) in TBP-Diluent-HNO3 system. Uniquac and UNIFAC Group interaction parameters have been founded to fit the experimental data. Various metal nitrates are also present in the organic phase. These metal nitrates affect the solubility of TBP in aqueous phase. Metal nitrates like Sodium and Calcium nitrate have also been incorporated in model to find out interaction parameters in the presence of metal nitrates like Sodium and Calcium. The obtained parameters will be useful in predicting LLE for the above system and will aid in safe disposal of nuclear w aste. INTRODUCTION Reprocessing of the used nuclear fuel has always been carried out to reduce the volume of high level radioactive waste and also for their safe disposal. The plutonium uranium extraction (PUREX) process is widely used for reprocessing. This process uses 30% Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in an inert paraffinic diluent for the separation of uranium and plutonium from the aqueous phase containing nitric acid. Mutual solubility of aqueous and the organic phase leads to the transfer of certain finite amount of TBP in aqueous phase. This transferred TBP decomposes very slowly in the presence of water and nitric acid by hydrolysis to lower organo-phosphate acids at normal operating temperatures leading to many environmental problems. Removal of such dissolved TBP is of direct interest in reprocessing processes as this would enable manifold evaporation of aqueous stream without harming the environment. Various metal elements are also present in the highly radioactive liquid waste solution in ni trate form. The salting out of TBP takes place in the presence of these inorganic nitrates in the aqueous phase. Studies in the presence of various metal nitrates will aid in efficient removal of TBP from aqueous phase. In order to predict the extent to which TBP could be removed from aqueous phase, a model must be developed to predict the phase behaviour. Such models can be used for designing remediation projects. Estimation of activity coefficients of the mixtures is important for predicting the phase behaviour In order to predict the extent of mass transfer, chemical compositions of the two-phase system at equilibrium needs be predicted first. Investigators have used various models to predict the LLE. Cheng et al. have calculated the thermodynamic equilibrium constant for the system HNO3-TBP-n-C7H16.The activity coefficient of nitric acid was calculated using Pitzer’s equation and those of the components in organic phase was derived from experimental data. Ding et al. have calculated the activity coefficient for 20 binary and 7 ternary systems composed of nC6H14, nC7H16, nC8H18, C6H6, cy-C6H6, CCl4, CHCl3, (C4H9)3PO4 and UO2(NO3)2.2((C4H9)3PO4) using head-space gas chromatography. The results are compared with Scatchard-Hilderbald, NRTL and UNIQUAC models. Li et al. has calculated the Vapor-Liquid and Vapor-Liquid-Liquid equilibria of 19 tributyl phosphate systems. Aqueous phase activity coefficients are calculated using Pitzer’s equation. UNIFAC method is used for correlating and predicting the data in organic phase. All the above authors have done work on the systems in the absence of metal nitrates. Intera ction parameters for systems in the presence of metal nitrates have not been reported yet. The objective of the present work to find the UNIFAC and Uniquac group interaction parameters regressed for the experimental data for three systems. These systems comprise of TBP-diluent-HNO3, TBP-diluent-HNO3-NaNO3, TBP-diluent-HNO3-Ca(NO3)2. These parameters will aid in predicting the equilibrium and calculating the number of stages for designing the equipment to remove dissolved TBP. LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIA The organic phase consists of (1) diluent (NPH), (2) TBP, (3) TBP.HNO3 The dissolution of TBP in NPH and HNO3 can be represented by eq 1and eq 2. xTBPorg (TBP)x org(1) TBPorg + H+aq + NO3-aq HNO3.TBPorg (2) where the subscripts aq and org denote the species in the aqueous and organic phase. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant for reaction (2) can be calculated as a HNO3.TBP(org) a 3 (3) K == a H+(aq) a NO3-(aq) a TBP(org)a2 ±HNO3 a 2 x3 ÃŽ ³3 K = (4) m ±2 ÃŽ ³Ã‚ ±2 x2 ÃŽ ³2 where a is the thermodynamic activity, x is the mole fraction of the component in the organic phase and ÃŽ ³ is the corresponding activity coefficient. m ± is the mean molality concentration of electrolyte in the aqueous phase and ÃŽ ³Ã‚ ± is the mean ionic activity coefficient of corresponding electrolytes. Similar procedure as described by Chen et al has been used to predict the LLE with one extraction reaction. Mean ionic activity coefficient of electrolytes Pitzer equation is used to calculate the mean ionic coefficient of HNO3 in all the cases and of Ca(NO3)2, NaNO3 in the presence of metal nitrates. lnÃŽ ³Ã‚ ± = Aà Ã‚ ¤+ m (5) where b=1.2, ÃŽ ±=2, AÉ ¸ = 0.391. I is the ionic strength of solution. The Pitzer parameters for HNO3, NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 are listed in Table 1. Activity Coefficients of components in organic phase can be estimated using UNIFAC and Uniquac equation. UNIFAC EQUATION In a multi-component mixture, the UNIFAC equation for the activity coefficient of component i is given by Equation 3.1. ln ÃŽ ³i = ln ÃŽ ³iC +ln ÃŽ ³iR (6) The combinatorial part of the UNIFAC model considers the shape and the size of the molecules in the mixture. ln ÃŽ ³iC = 1 – Ji + ln Ji – 5qi( ln (É ¸i /ÃŽËœi )+ 1 – (É ¸i /ÃŽËœi ) ) (7) where, Ji = ( É ¸i /xi) The molecule volume fraction É ¸i , and the molecule surface area fraction ÃŽËœi , are given by respectively, É ¸i = xi*ri/∑j xj*rj and ÃŽËœi = xi*qi/∑j xj*qj (8) In Equations (3.3), relative molecular volume rs, and relative molecule surface area q, are given by ri = ∑k ÃŽ ½k(i)* Rk and qi = ∑k ÃŽ ½k(i)* Qk (9) The quantity vk is the number of subgroups of type k in a molecule of species i. ri is the relative molecular volume and qi is the relative molecular surface area. Group parameters Rk and Qk are reported by Fredenslund et al. The residual part of the activity coefficient is given by Equation 10. ln ÃŽ ³iR = ∑k ÃŽ ½k(i )[ ln à Ã¢â‚¬Å"k – ln à Ã¢â‚¬Å"k(i) ] (10) where, k denotes each group in the mixture ÃŽ ½k(i ) is the number of groups of type k in molecule i à Ã¢â‚¬Å"k is the group residual activity coefficient à Ã¢â‚¬Å"k(i) is the residual activity coefficient of group k in a reference solution containing only molecules of type i. The group residual activity coefficient is found by Equation 11. ln à Ã¢â‚¬Å"k = Qk [ 1- ln(∑m ÃŽËœm ψmk) ∑m (ÃŽËœm ψkm /∑n ÃŽËœn ψnm ) ] (11) where, Qk is a group surface area parameter ÃŽËœm is the area fraction of group m ψmn is the group energy of interaction parameter ψmn = exp(-amn + bmn/T) (12) Where, amn and bmn is the group-interaction parameter. T is the temperature Group assignment as proposed by Chen et al. has been followed. C7H16, TBP and TBP.HNO3 has been broken down into groups CH3, CH2, (CH2O)3PO, HNO3.(CH2O)3PO. Group volume and surface parameters for above groups have been reported by Cheng et al. The UNIQUAC model thus consists of two terms: a combinatorial or entropic term, a residual or enthalpic term. The combinatorial and the residual terms are identical to the terms used in the traditional UNIQUAC equation. The combinatorial, entropic term is ln ÃŽ ³iC = ln(É ¸i/xi) +1 (É ¸i/xi) – (z/2)*qi [ ln(É ¸i/ÃŽËœi) + 1- (É ¸i/ÃŽËœi) ] (13) z = 10 is the co-ordination number. xi is the mole fraction, É ¸i is the volume fraction, ÃŽËœi and is the surface area fraction of component i. É ¸i = xi*ri/∑j xj*rj and ÃŽËœi = xi*qi/∑j xj*qj (14) ri and qi are volume and surface area parameters for component i. The residual, enthalpic term is ln ÃŽ ³iR = qi [ 1 – ln( ∑k ÃŽËœkψki) ∑k ÃŽËœkψik/(∑l ÃŽËœlψlk) (15) The parameter ψki is given by ψki = exp(-uki-uii/T) (16) uki and uii are interaction energy parameters. Uniquac r and q parameters for C7H16, TBP and TBP.HNO3 have been reported by Li et al. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EQUILIBRIUM PREDICTION. The following equations can be used to predict equilibrium x1 + x2 + x3 = 1 (17) x20 = (x2 + x3)/( x1 + x2 + x3) (18) x3 ÃŽ ³3 K = (19) m ±2 ÃŽ ³Ã‚ ±2 x2 ÃŽ ³2 ÃŽ ³2 and ÃŽ ³3 values have been calculated using UNIFAC and Uniquac equation. Knowing equilibrium constant K, m ± calculated mole fractions can be found out., The group interaction parameters are regressed by Least Square Technique to minimize the error between experimental and calculated mole fraction values. The obtained regressed group interaction values in the absence of metal nitrates, in the presence of NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 using Uniquac and UNIFAC have been listed in Table. The standard absolute deviation of components in the organic phase is listed in table. The experimental and calculated values of mole fractions have been reported graphically in fig CONCLUSION The experimental mole fraction data were correlated using UNIFAC and Uniquac model. The Uniquac and UNIFAC group interaction parameters are capable of predicting mole fraction for TBP-Diluent-HNO3 in the absence and presence of metal nitrates. Thus these can be effectively used to predict the equilibrium for the removal of dissolved TBP in Nuclear engineering. UNIFAC gives a better prediction as compared to Uniquac in all the cases LIST OF TABLES Pitzer parameters for calculation of mean ionic activity coefficient Uniquac Group interaction parameters in the absence of metal nitrates Unifac Group interaction parameters in the absence of metal nitrates Uniquac Group interaction parameters in the presence of Sodium metal nitrate Unifac Group interaction parameters in the presence of sodium nitrate Uniquac Group interaction parameters in the presence of calcium metal nitrate Unifac Group interaction parameters in the presence of calcium nitrate Standard absolute deviations between predicted and experimental mole fraction of extracted complexes Table 1. Pitzer parameters for calculation of mean ionic activity coefficient Components ÃŽ ²o ÃŽ ²o HNO3 0.1119 0.3206 0.001 NaNO3 0.0068 0.1783 -0.0007 Ca(NO3) 0.2108 1.409 -0.02014 Table 2. Uniquac Group interaction parameters in the absence of metal nitrates a (m,n) NPH TBP HNO3.TBP NPH 0 2.05741 0.679624 TBP -3.04549 0 -1.1645 HNO3.TBP -1.03328 1.143979 0 b (m,n) NPH TBP HNO3.TBP NPH 0 1.007842 0.999125 TBP 0.983532 0 1.095824 HNO3.TBP 0.993173 1.019649 0 Table 3. Unifac Group interaction parameters in the absence of metal nitrates a (m,n) CH2 CH3 (CH2O)3PO HNO3(CH2O)3PO CH2 0 0 2.56180892 -48.1996 CH3 0 0 2.56180892 -48.1996 (CH2O)3PO -5.15816 -5.15816 0 -6.13375 HNO3(CH2O)3PO -2.57271 -2.57271 34.781685 0 b (m,n) CH2 CH3 (CH2O)3PO HNO3(CH2O)3PO CH2 0 0 0.997309 1.126187 CH3 0 0 0.997309 1.126187 (CH2O)3PO 1.016819 1.016819 0 1.131422 HNO3(CH2O)3PO 1.015345 1.015345 0.890301 0 Table 4. Uniquac Group interaction parameters in the presence of Sodium metal nitrate a (m,n) NPH TBP HNO3.TBP NPH 0 -1.82623 6.863001 TBP 0.87821 0 0.552002 HNO3.TBP 1.380676 2.272663 0 b (m,n) NPH TBP HNO3.TBP NPH 0 0.990771 1.019671 TBP 0.999592 0 0.998537 HNO3.TBP 1.001281 1.004269 0 Table 5. Unifac Group interaction parameters in the presence of sodium nitrate a (m,n) CH2 CH3 (CH2O)3PO HNO3(CH2O)3PO CH2 0 0 0.742770 -0.6378 CH3 0 0 0.742770 -0.6378 (CH2O)3PO 1.096426 1.096426 0 -0.373895 HNO3(CH2O)3PO 0.748111 0.748111 -0.20966206 0 b (m,n) CH2 CH3 (CH2O)3PO HNO3(CH2O)3PO CH2 0 0 1.000835 1.005434 CH3 0 0 1.000833 1.005434 (CH2O)3PO 0.99968 0.999688 0 1.004477 HNO3(CH2O)3PO 1.000817 1.000818 1.003927 0 Table 6. Uniquac Group interaction parameters in the presence of Calcium metal nitrate a (m,n) NPH TBP HNO3.TBP NPH 0 0.3249 -0.4026 TBP 0.95221 0 -1.40706 HNO3.TBP 1.168545 1.39797 0 b (m,n) NPH TBP HNO3.TBP NPH 0 0.997878 0.99529 TBP 0.999836 0 0.99200 HNO3.TBP 1.00058 1.000138 0 Table 7. Unifac Group interaction parameters in the presence of calcium nitrate a (m,n) CH2 CH3 (CH2O)3PO HNO3(CH2O)3PO CH2 0 0 5.9429 2.14979 CH3 0 0 5.9429 2.14979 (CH2O)3PO 2.6932 2.6932 0 -2.59369 HNO3(CH2O)3PO 3.8889 3.8889 3.8740 0 b (m,n) CH2 CH3 (CH2O)3PO HNO3(CH2O)3PO CH2 0 0 0.9839 0.99622 CH3 0 0 0.9839 0.99622 (CH2O)3PO 0.99447 0.99447 0 1.011186 HNO3(CH2O)3PO 0.990612 0.990612 0.990633 0 Table 8. Standard absolute deviations between predicted and experimental mole fraction of extracted complexes. System Δ x (Uniquac) Δ x (Unifac) HNO3/TBP/Diluent 0.016 0.0051 HNO3/TBP/Diluent/NaNO3 0.0435 0.0429 HNO3/TBP/Diluent/Ca(NO3)2 0.015 0.0051